Polymorphism Of The PPARD Gene In Children's Dynamic Balance Performance

Dynamic balance is one of the most important athletic abilities,and there has been little studies for it in sports genomics.Additionally,attention on athletic ability has gradually expanded to lower age groups.In our view,sports genomics is promising in children's physical fitness testing and has its value in explaining individual difference from the genetic level.The PPARD gene encodes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?transcription factor.PPAR? is largely expressed in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle,especially slow-twitch fiber.PPAR? affects lipid metabolism,cell differentiation,epidermal cell proliferation and myelination of corpus callosum according to mice experiments.The candidate PPARD gene was reported to be able to affect muscle development for balance predisposition and influence the athletic performance including skiing ability in the Caucasian population.This study aims to investigate whether the PPARD gene is associated with dynamic balance ability in Han Chinese children.To further validate whether PPARD is a susceptibility gene for dynamic balance,we recruited 2,244 healthy Han Chinese children for physical fitness testing,and conducted Sequenom genotyping,cross-section analysis,case-control analysis and meta-analysis on five SNPs in the PPARD gene.Rs2016520 exerted significant association with balancing ability(minor allele C,P=0.015,Pcorrected<0.05)and was affirmed in a meta-analysis by combining previously reported Caucasian cohorts(OR=1.57,95%Cl=[1.30,1.91],P<10-5).Another polymorphism,rs2267668,was also significantly associated with dynamic balance ability(minor allele G,P=0.015,Pcorrected<0.05).In the dichotomous study,321 cases(61%boys and 39%girls)and 370 controls(49%boys and 51%girls)in our samples were selected as representatives,and the thresholds were the mean velocity(0.737 m/s)± standard deviation(0.264 m/s),in which rs2016520-C and rs2267668-G remained significant(OR 95%Cl=1.41[1.11?1.79],P=0.004,Pcorrected<0.05;OR 95%Cl=1.45[1.14?1.86],P=0.002,Pcorrected<0.05).In different genders,consistent OR direction was observed for each variant.Our results suggested that the PPARD gene is associated with dynamic balance performance of children,and further studies to reveal its etiology is strongly suggested.Association studies have made critical progresses in sports genomics.In the future,further developments will be achieved through combination with high-throughput and multi-omics methods,so that we can better interpret the genetic variation's contribution and its molecular biological mechanism in complex traits such as human's athletic abilities.