Influences Of Biochar,Calcium Magnesium Phosphate And Organic Manure On Groth Of Panax Notoginseng,Properties Of Soil,and Cadmium Accumulation In Panax Notoginseng

Panax Notoginseng is facing serious challenges of pollution with heavy metal now.In order to reduce the heavy metal pollution of Panax Notoginseng,protect the quality safety of Panax notoginseng,accelerate the expansion industrial process of the international market of Panax Notoginseng,solving the heavy metal pollution of Panax Notoginseng become an urgent problem.In recent years,there are many researchs on heavy metal contamination of the causes for Panax Notoginseng,but there are less study on solving heavy metal pollution of Panax Notoginseng.Research in this regard is still basically at the indoor stage theory and the effects of environmental are not related to the field trials.In summary,this research was conducted to evaluated the sustainable effect of biochar,calcium magnesium phosphate,organic manure,wood vinegar after once amendment Yunnan Baoshan and Wenshan to reduce Cd concent of Panax Notoginseng and increase agricultural productivity in order to provide an environmentally friendly and efficient way to remediate Cd contaminated acidic soils and improve the quality safety of Panax Notoginseng.This experiment was based on two field experiments with biochar,calcium magnesium phosphate,organic manure and wood vinegar in Yunnan Baoshan and Wenshan.Biochar,calcium magnesium phosphate and organic manure were applied in January,2014 at once,wood vinegar were sprayed in June,August,October,2014 at three times,the test mode was the same with conventional production.In this research,the soil properties and the Cd concentration in Panax Notoginseng were investigated after applied biochar,calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer,organic fertilizer and wood vinegar in July,2014 and October,2015 for two test points.The main results were as follows:(1)Changes of soil properties:Biochar amendment showed significantly increased soil pH,organic matter,CEC,available P and K,but the effect on soil were decreases with time.Calcium magnesium phosphate amendment was significantly increased soil pH,available P and K,but no effects on soil organic matter,CEC,total N.The applied of organic manure and wood vinegar on soil properties had no significant effect on soil properties.While compared with the control treatment,biochar and calcium magnesium phosphate treatment could increase soil pH range of 0.45 to 1.22 significantly after two year,and the soil CEC were improved range of 15%to 18%.Biochar amendment increased soil organic matter significantly by 26.03?28.34 g/kg compared with control treatment.(2)Effects on available Cd of soil and Cd uptake of Panax Notoginseng:the Cd content of fibrous root,root,notches,stems,leaves,flowers and other parts of Panax Notoginseng were positively correlated with available Cd of soil,the correlation coefficients were rang of 0.606?0.960,0.521?0.983,0.300?0.979,0.538?0.979,0.556?0.983,0.499?0.653.The key of reducing Cd uptake in various parts of Panax Notoginseng with amendment is to reduce the effectiveness of the available Cd of soil.The content of available Cd of soil showed a negative correlation with soil organic matter content,pH,CEC,and the correlation coefficients were rang of 0.347?0.659,0.235?0.487,0.595?0.576.Biochar and calcium magnesium phosphate treatments showed it could reduce Cd accumulation factor(AF)of Panax Notoginseng plant while the organic manure and wood vinegar have no significant impact on the Cd content of various parts of Panax Notoginseng.(3)The effects on crop yield:application of organic manure,calcium magnesium phosphate,biochar were significantly increased Panax height and the promotion of biochar treatment was best.Application of Biochar,calcium magnesium phosphate were improved the yield of Panax Notoginseng.Amendment of biochar and calcium magnesium phosphate were significantly increased root yield,while organic manure and wood vinegar had no significant impact on the yield.Compared with the control treatment,the height of Panax Notoginseng were significantly increased by 16.8%-25.8%with biochar,and the height of Panax Notoginseng were significantly increased by 15.6%-23.0%with calcium magnesium phosphate.Biochar and calcium magnesium phosphate treatments significantly increased Panax root dry weight by 33.6%?63.6%and 30.9%?64.5%.But application of wood vinegar and organic manure had no significant effect on growth of Panax Notoginseng.The available Cd of soil and the Cd concentration on Panax Notoginseng were significantly reduced with amendment of biochar and calcium magnesium phosphate.And the growth of Panax Notoginseng and yield of Panax Notoginseng were increased significantly with amendment of biochar and calcium magnesium phosphate.This effects was in proportional to the biochar and calcium magnesium amendment rates and showed greater stability with the increase in the amount of biochar and calcium magnesium application.Thus,biochar and calcium magnesium amendment could as an environmentally friendly and efficient way to remediate Cd contaminated acidic soils and improve the quality safety of Panax Notoginseng.