| The nine size-resolved particles of from three kinds of honeycomb coals(flaming and smoldering burning condition)and four kinds of raw coals burning(flaming burning)were collected through cascade impactors(FA-3)based domestic simulating burning tests with a dilution sampling system.The contents of Na+?NH4+?Mg2+?K+?Ca2+?Cl-?NO3-and SO42-were analyzed to get the distribution characteristics and emission factors of them in different particle size fractions.The provinces were divided into four parts by data of coal resources distribution and then the EFs were uniformed for each part.The total emission amounts of water soluble ions from residential coal burning in 2015 of China were calculated by emission factors(EFs)combined with the consumption levels of residential coals.Based on the information of population distribution and data of land type used,a 1 km×1 km grid cell-based emission inventories of residential coal combustion were established.The GEOS-Chem was adopted to simulate the air concentration in China during winter of 2015 after updating the new emission inventory.Results showed that:(1)The bituminous coal can reduce the EFs of particles by briquetted while the process may increase the EFs of particles when compared with that emitted from the anthracite coal burning.At the same time,shaping the resident coal may increase the EFs of water soluble ions.(2)The total emissions of PM2.1,Ca2+,Mg2+,K,NH4+,Na+,SO42-,NO3-and Cl' in PM2.1 from residential coal burning in 2015 were 801.8×103,96.8,50.1,1180.8,1915.3,101.8,7430.3,552.4 and 4956.1 t.SO42-was the most important water soluble ions in fine particulate matter released from residential coal burning,accounting for 45.6%of the total water soluble ions,followed by Cl-and K+,accounting for 30.4%and 11.8%of the total water soluble ions,respectively.(3)PM2.1 were the main components of PM10 from row coal burning and honeycomb coal flaming burning,and it accounted for 39.2%?62.8%of PM10.The coarse particles were main components of PM10 for honeycomb coal smoldering burning and PM2.1 only accounted for 27.3?32.3%of PM10.SO42-and Cl-are the most important water soluble ionic components for row coal burning and honeycomb coal flaming.SO42-from 7 kinds of resident coals mainly distributed in the size of 0.65?2.1 ?m and?0.43 ?m which 31.4%?74.4%in size of 0.65-2.1 ?m and 5.1%-62.5%in size less than 0.43 ?m.54.4%?59.8%of SO42-and 59.2%-79.9%of NH4+ were distributed in particles with size less than 0.43 ?m during smoldering condition.(4)For the high spatial resolution emission inventories of ions from domestic coal burning,they exhibited the following distribution patterns:eastern China exhibited higher values than those for western China;they were higher in plains and basins than those in plateau and mountainous region;they mainly concentrated along with the main rivers,which maybe related with the historical trend of population evolution.(5)According to the updated emission inventory,the domestic coal combustion contributes 10?41 ?wg/m3 to the PM2.5 concentration in North China Plain.The simulated PM2.5 concentration of 34 major cities was increased 13.5%after updating the emission inventory,especially for the PM2.5 concentration of Tianjin,Shijiazhuang and Beijing.They increased by 34.1%,30.3%and 30.9%,when compared with the corresponding simulating results with MEIC inventory adopted,respectively. |
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