| Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid(GABA)is a non-protein amino acid composed of four carbons.It has many functions such as regulating blood pressure,treating epilepsy,protecting cardiovascular,and relieving anxiety.Paddy is an important food crop for Asian people.After paddy germination,small molecule nutrients including free amino acids,reducing sugars,vitamins,and GABA will increase significantly,and the flavor quality will also be improved.In order to further increase the content of GABA in germinated paddy,in this study,on the basis of paddy germination,vacuum treatment was used to promote the accumulation of GABA in germinated paddy,and the effect of vacuum treatment on GAD activity and GABA content in germinated rice was studied.Based on this,the process conditions of high GABA polish rice are explored.1.Physiological and nutrient changes during germination of paddyThe nutrients and physiological changes of paddy during germination from 0 to 36 h were studied.With the extension of germination time,the appearance of germinated rice will undergo a certain change,and the germination rate and shoot length will increase significantly.The content of starch and phytic acid will be significantly reduced,and small molecules such as free amino acids and reducing sugars will increase significantly.GAD activity and GABA content in germinated rice increased significantly and reached the maximum at 12 h and 30 h,respectively.The GABA content in germinated rice was up to 139.67±2.95mg/100g(dry basis),which was 1.53 times that before germination.2.Effect of vacuum treatment on GABA content in sprouted riceThe effects of vacuum treatment on GABA content in germinating paddy at different germination stages were studied.It was found that vacuum treatment could increase GAD activity of germinated rice and increase GABA content at different germination stages.When germination was carried out for 30 h,the content of GABA in germinated rice was different under different treatment periods.The content of GABA was the highest when germination was 0-6 h,and the content was 193.56±13.05 mg/100 g(DB),which was 53.89 higher than that of regular germination,increased by 38.3%.On this basis,the effect of the duration of treatment on the content of germinated rice was studied.The germination 0h was taken as the starting point.The content of GABA in the germinated paddy was the highest at the time of vacuum treatment 10 h,which was up to 210.05±4.91mg/100g(DB),which was more than conventional The group was 70.38mg/100 g higher,an increase of 50.39%.3.Processing of high GABA riceThis chapter examines the processing of high GABA rice,using germinated rice as raw material.After the process of drying,glutinous rice and rice milling,it is processed into polished white rice.Studies have shown that after germination of rice,the content of GABA in refined white rice will be significantly increased,and the content of GABA will be the highest at 30 h after germination.Vacuum treatment can significantly increase the content of GABA in polished white rice,and the vacuum treatment period has a significant effect on the content of GABA in polished white rice.The content of GABA in polished white rice obtained from vacuum treatment at the time of germination 12 to 18 hours is the highest,which is 47.62±1.7mg/ 100g(DB)increased by 16.29mg/100g(DB)compared to conventional sprouting.In addition,the drying and milling of germinated rice will result in a decrease in GABA content and roughness and an increase in broken rice rate. |
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