Neurotoxicity Induced By Organophosphorus Pesticides In Agriculture In Mali:"Developmental Toxicity Of Chlorpyrifos In Cotton Areas And Behavioral Analysis In Mice"

Organophosphorus pesticides are the most widely used pesticides in the world and in Mali they have a wide range of toxic effects and have attracted worldwide attention.Organophosphate pesticides pose a threat to environmental safety and human health while effectively controlling pests and diseases.Studies have shown that the most important organophosphorus pesticide biological toxicity is neurotoxicity,a modified activity,including toxic effects on neurotransmitters of the nervous system and their associated receptors and esterases,neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity.Although clinical and epidemiological studies have identified forms of developmental toxicity in humans,these studies are found to be limited because they are particularly difficult to achieve because of the long duration of the nervous development of human.Years are needed before drawing any conclusions.Another limited of these epidemiological experiments is that social and environmental factors may influence the experiments(for example,there may be other chemicals in the environment that may also produce developmental effects).Therefore,it is necessary to use in vivo animal models and in vitro models,both to determine the developmental toxicity of the product and to understand its mechanisms,as these models have the advantage of providing more results,but also better control of environmental conditions than in epidemiological research.To answer these questions,we first performed a perspective by investigative study,and then second exposed CD1 mice to CPF(in utero and through milk,through mother-feeding)during late gestation and during pregnancy.The first two weeks postnatal.Then,behavioral and molecular tests were performed with the adult animals.We have determined that the CPF is capable of producing long-term and short-term spatial memory impairment,produces an increase in the level of anxiety(elevated plus-maze),also gives signs of depression and decreases activity of spontaneous locomotive(morris water maze).We then deepened this study of behavioral tests by a study of the bihavioral mechanism.We were able to show that the dose and the exposure period therefore play a role on the type of effect produced across the different treatment groups(vehicle,02mg/kg/day,1mg/kg/day and 5mg/kg/day).These experiments also confirm that several mechanisms of deterioration of development are set in motion by the CPF.Also in the context of the anxiety developed in adult mice and linked to perinatal exposure to CPF in subtoxic doses,the anxiety disorders are related to a modification of the 5HT serotoninergic receptor function.The developmental toxicity study of organophosphorus pesticides that we have conducted uses the mouse animal model(Mus muculus)and measures persistent behavioral disorders in adults,produced by chronic sub-toxic exposure during the perinatal period.This model comes in confirmation of a preliminary study conducted in the field of agriculture in Mali.