The Research On The Support Policy Of Shale Gas Industry In The United States

With the growth of the world economy,global energy consumption has also kept rising.Constrained by the increase in environmental awareness,the emergence of technological bottlenecks,and the consolidation of the international oil and gas pattern,traditional energy sources are no longer able to meet people's growing energy needs.Optimizing the energy structure and expanding the proportion of new energy in energy consumption have become the mainstream development trend of the energy industry in various countries.The outbreak of the two oil crises caused no small impact on the world's major energy consumers.The idea of ensuring national energy security has gradually become the consensus of all countries in the world.Finding a reliable energy supply method to cope with possible international energy price fluctuations has become an urgent problem to be solved.Whether it is to optimize the energy structure or ensure energy security,the successful commercial exploitation of shale gas has provided new ideas for solving problems.As one of the first countries in the world to discover shale gas,the United States has a history of more than 100 years in the development and utilization of shale gas.However,subject to immature mining technology and imperfect market environment,the shale gas industry in the United States has developed very slowly in the early stage.For the purpose of optimizing the US energy structure,pursuing “ energy independence” and transforming energy use to “environmentally friendly”,since the 1970 s,the US federal government and local governments have successively introduced a series of policy measures to support shale.The development of the gas industry has laid a solid policy foundation for the realization of the “ shale gas revolution”.As the world's second largest economy,China's energy demand and economy have maintained the same growth trend.Due to the existence of Malacca pirates and other overseas factors in China's oil and gas import routes,there are certain potential risks in China's energy import channels.Therefore,it is of great significance todevelop the shale gas industry to meet China's energy needs and safeguard national energy security.China's shale gas reserves have a certain scale,but mining technology and related industrial structures are still not perfect.In order to better develop China's shale gas industry,the US government's policies and measures to support the development of the shale gas industry in the country deserve our reference.Based on the background of shale gas industry development and based on industrial life cycle theory,sustainable development theory and environmental externality theory,this paper analyzes the motives for the introduction of shale gas industry support policies in the United States and carries out its policy content.On the basis of a brief review,the background,content,and characteristics of the shale gas industry support policy in the United States were studied in depth from three aspects: production R&D,market regulations,and environmental supervision.On this basis,the overall effect and influence of the US shale gas industry support policy were analyzed and summarized.Finally,the development status and problems of shale gas industry support policies in China are analyzed,and suggestions for policy development are put forward.This article believes that the improvement of China's shale gas industry support policy can be started by the following three aspects.First,it should strengthen the industrial policy,clarify the direction of industrial development,and provide policy guarantee for industrial development.The second is to enrich financial and taxation financial policy measures.While increasing state financial support and tax reductions and exemptions,mobilize private capital in depth to provide financial support for industrial development.The third is to establish a legal system for environmental protection,to avoid environmental pollution caused by industrial development,and to promote the healthy development of China's shale gas industry.