The Research Of Environment Quality Change Of Karst Area Based On Remote Sensing Based Ecological Index

The karst region of Guizhou province is the largest and most developed plateau mountain in China.In most parts of southern karst,it has long been affected by unreasonable human factors,which cause serious damage to the ecosystem,aggravated soil erosion,severe degradation of land and exposed large areas of bedrock.Guiyang city which as the capital city of Guizhou province is a typical karst development area,and the study of this area is typical.Thus the ecological environment of karst area is fragile so it is urgent to take measure to control ecological environment of the region.Therefore,It is necessary to carry out an objective assessment of the ecological environment in the study area and adjust measures to local conditions so that can provide effective reference for ecological management and protection of karst area.In this paper,Guiyang city is selected as the typical karst study area,selecting 2002,2009 and 2013 series of Landsat remote sensing image as data sources and statistical yearbook data series,the high resolution remote sensing image data as basic data,using ENVI,ARCGIS,SPSS and other professional software for data processing and analysis.Starting from the establishment of the ecological environment for the evaluation system of the karst area,by consulting relevant literature and predecessors' studying results to establish evaluation method for karst area to evaluate the ecological environment and long time series monitoring,and analysis its influence factors based on grey correlation model.Which the following are the paper conclusions:(1)The proposed index method based on remote sensing information completely(RSEI)has a certain scientific and practical to rapid evaluation on the quality of environment of Guiyang city.Principal component transform of the image which coupling based on the green degree index,humidity index,dryness index and heat index can know the first principal component characteristic value contribution rate were over 75% of ecological index of remote sensing images,Which shows that the first principal component integrated with most of the information of the four index,and the green degree index,humidity index have a positive impact on the ecological environment,the dryness index,heat index have a negative impact on ecological environment,the results conform to the law of natural growth.Further to extract the sample point on the special ecological index images and remote sensing image to do stepwise regression analysis in SPSS software,the results are consistent with principal component analysis results.(2)the ecological environment improvement area is much greater than the degradation area,show that Guiyang ecological environmental protection measures effectively in nearly 10 years,The state environment presents an improved trend.The comprehensive analysis of remote sensing ecological index images shows that the mean of the remote sensing ecological index is increasing year by year that indicating that the ecological environment of Guiyang is becoming a better trend.will RSEI according to 0.2 the intervals of hierarchy and change detection of different value,can know area of Guiyang city ecological environment quality remains unchanged,degenerated area,and improve the area ratio of 39.80%,10.75% and 49.45% respectively.(3)The spatial variation is significant of ecological environment quality of Guiyang.The ecological environment was evaluated by using the remote sensing ecology index to overcome the obstacles that ecological index can only calculate once a year and cannot be seen.The GIS spatial analysis function can see that the environment quality of Guiyang city space changes significantly: ecological degradation area mainly concentrated in the south of Baiyun district,the eastern of Guan Shanhu District,the central of Nanming district and Huaxi university town,largely due to the increase of construction land cause dryness index bigger and causes the degeneration of ecological environment quality;Ecological improvement areas are mainly concentrated in the north of Wudang district,the west of Guan Shanhu District,the south of Nanming district and most of the area in Kaiyang,Xifeng,Xiuwen and Qingzhen country,human disturbance phenomenon in this area is not obvious,the vegetation grew well;Stable ecological areas are mainly distributed in Yunyan district,the western of Nanming district,the regional economic development has been in a stable state,there is no large-scale destruction such as the construction land expansion of ecological environment.(4)Analysis the influence factors of the ecological environment quality by using grey correlation analysis method,can know natural and man-made factors all can produce great influence to the environment,The correction are above 0.8 which between three indicators that included the end of the resident population,cultivated land area,the correlation of rate with RSEI.Shows that control the growth of population is of great significance for the protection of the ecological environment,and on this basis to improve population quality,strengthen the environmental protection consciousness of people,improve the forest coverage rate,reduce the pollutant emissions,is helpful for the improvement of the ecological environment.