Evaluation Of Ecological Environment Vulnerability In Karst Mountain Areas

With the development of our country's economy and modernization process,we have created a large amount of material wealth.However,due to the overexploitation of natural resources,the contradiction between people and land has become increasingly acute,environmental pollution has increased,and the ecological environment has worsened.This has seriously threatened human survival And social development.How to correctly handle the relationship between man and nature and coordinate the relationship between development and environmental protection is very important.Under this background,the evaluation and research of ecological environmental vulnerability has become a hot spot of current environmental protection and sustainable development,and is an important topic of current research.The karst area itself is a region with poor ecological environment,and along with its development,its environmental conditions are getting worse.Through the evaluation of the ecological environment vulnerability of typical karst trough areas,a practical and feasible environmental remediation strategy is proposed for karst areas.The sustainable development of the region is of great significance.Based on the “sensitivity-resilience-compression” framework,the paper establishes a vulnerability assessment index system based on the use of various raster data from two aspects of the natural environment and socio-economic aspects of the Yinjiang County in the typical karst trough region of Guizhou Province.Using spatial remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)technology to establish a spatial database of ecological vulnerability assessment indicators with a grid size of 30 m × 30 m,and using comprehensive index method to obtain comprehensive evaluation results.The vulnerability of the ecological environment in the study area is divided into five levels: potentially vulnerable,slightly vulnerable,moderately vulnerable,severely vulnerable,and extremely vulnerable.The results show that:(1)The ecological vulnerability of Yinjiang County from 2010 to 2015 showed an overall improvement trend.Mildly vulnerable areas have increased,moderately vulnerable and severely vulnerable,and extremely fragile areas have all declined.From a spatial point of view,the extremely fragile and heavily fragile regions in the two periods are mainly distributed in Langxi Town.This area is located in the valley of valleys,with large slopes and relief,dense population distribution and complex ecological environment.At the same time,unreasonable development and utilization accelerate the deterioration of its ecological environment.(2)From the perspective of the change areas,the rapid increase of the ecological environment vulnerability is scattered in most parts of the county,among which Yangliu Town,Yangxi Town in the south and Yongyi Township and Luochang Township in the southeastern region are represented.During 2015,the level of ecological vulnerability in these regions further increased,and the quality of the ecological environment decreased significantly.The quality of the ecological environment in most parts of the county has remained at a stable level.(3)In terms of the level of change,the rapid increase in ecological vulnerability during the five-year period was 0.018 km2,the area with moderately increased vulnerability was 113.822 1 km2,and the stable and stable area was 1 727.73 km2,occupying 88.537 1 of the county's total area.In terms of percentage,the area of moderate speed decline was 109.652 8 km2,and the area of rapid decline in ecological environment vulnerability was 0.197 1 km2,accounting for 0.010 1%,which was more than the rapidly rising area.In most regions,the ecological environment tends to be stable,while the area where the vulnerability is rapidly rising is small.On the whole,the ecological environment of Yinjiang County is relatively ideal,with extremely deteriorating regions,and the degree of vulnerability of the ecological environment has declined to a certain extent.The ecological environment protection and construction over the years have seen initial success.Finally,in response to the characteristics of ecological environment vulnerability and its influencing factors,the following policy suggestions are proposed to strengthen ecological environment construction: 1)Increase the research and development of ecological environment improvement technologies,promote the return of farmland to forests and grasslands,develop characteristic ecological agriculture,and 2)Adjustment of industrial structure,promotion of harmonious development of economic development and environmental protection 3)Strengthen publicity and education,and raise awareness of environmental protection and sustainable development.