Studies On The Chemical Constituents Of Sophora Flavescens And The Volatile Constituents Used To Improve The Taste Of Cigarette

This paper is composed of four chapters.Chapter 1 reviews recent research progress on the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Sophora flavescens Ait.Chapter 2 discusses the chemical constituents and biological activities of the roots of S.flavescens;Chapter 3 mainly discusses the volatile constituents used to improve the taste of cigarette.The last chapter is a conclusion of the paper.The roots of S.flavescens,also known as Kushen,has more than 2,000 years of medical history,which is mainly used in traditional and popular medicine as a functional food ingredient for the treatment of conditions including fevers,dysentery,jaundice,leukorrhea,swelling,pain and so on.S.flavescens is distributed throughout East Asia,especially in China,Korea,Japan,and some European countries.In order to search for new natural active constituents and make use of abundant plant sources in our country,S.flavescens was subjected to phytochemical studies.By the means of various chromatographic methods?such as silica gel,MCI,RP-18,ODS,Sephadex LH-20,preparative TLC and preparative HPLC,etc?and spectroscopic techniques?including NMR and MS?,in combination with literatures,30 compounds were isolated and identified from S.flavescens,including alkaloids,flavanoids,triterpenes,and so on.Among them,two compounds were new flavanones,sophoraflavanones M?13?and N?14?.Other known compounds were respectively identified as matrine?1?,sophocarpine?2?,sophoridine?3?,sophoranol?4?,17?-hydroxysophoridine?5?,?+?-9?-hydroxymatrine?6?,oxymatrine?7?,oxysophocarpine?8?,7,11-dehydromatrine?9?,leontalbine?10?,anagyrine?11?,harman?12?,?2S?-5,7-hydroxy-8-dimethylallyflavanone?15?,?2S?-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone?16?,?2S?-8-[2-?3-hydroxyisopropyl?-5-methyl-4-hexenyl]-2?-methoxy-5,7,4?-trihydroxyflavanone?17?,?2S?-7,8-??2,2-dimethylbenzopyran?-2??-isopropenyl?-flavanone?18?,kurainone?19?,kushenol A?20?,sophoraflavanone G?21?,?2S?-5,7,4?-trihydroxy-8-lavanduly flavanone?22?,friedelin?23?,11,12-epoxy-3,6-dihydroxy-24-norurs-3-en-2-on-?28?13?-olide?24?,5?-Ergosta-7,22E-dien-3?-ol?25?,5,8-epidioxy-5?,8?-ergosta-6,22E-dien-3?-ol?26?,rubiadin?27?,3-propyl-1,2,4-trimethoxybenzenm?28?and 2-propenoic acid-3-?3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl?-tridecyl ester?29?.Moreover,some compouds were evaluated the effect on inhibition of NO production and anti-influenza virus activity.It is very promising to choose suitable plant extracts to improve the defects in smoking,including dry mouth,sore throat,cough and sputum.Therefore,6 folk prescriptions and 20 formulas were respectively extracted with EtOAc or phenethyl alcohol.The extracts were evaporated under the reduced pressure vacuum to get the crude.The crude was then dissolved in deionized water,ethyl alcohol,and triacetyl glycerine to make up 0.01%tested samples and mixed with the cigarette.The cigarette was tasted in double blind experiment.It was found that the extract of Dendrobium officinale and the formula of Mosla chinensis-Pedicularis grandiflora-Siraitia grosvenorii can significantly improve the smoking quality of tobacco among all the tested samples.Twenty-three compounds were identified from the volatile oil of D.officinale by GC-MS,including fatty acid,ester,and other compounds.The same as above,24 compounds were identified from the formulas,of which the contents of fatty acid,ester,hydrocarbon and other compounds.The results showed that the fatty acid,ester and hydrocarbon were the main constituents to improve obviously tobacco aroma,smoke smoothmess and after-taste of cigarette.The results of acute oral toxicity test showed that the LD₅₀ of D.officinale and the formula of M.chinensis-P.grandiflora-S.grosvenorii were more than 5000 and 10000 mg/kgBW,respectively,so they are nontoxic.