Carbon Footprint Accounting Method And Case Study Of Dairy Products

This thesis discusses the produce of greenhouse emission in the dairy product manufacture as a consideration of life cycle assessment,“Top Down”model and input-output analysis.The main references includes IPCC2006,ISO14064,Guidelines for the Preparation of National Greenhouse Gas Lists,Accounting Methods and Reporting Guidelines of Greenhouse Emission For Enterprise,which are made to internationally recognize relevant carbon footprint assessment methods.In addition,the article actually surveyed four well-known companies in Hubei province and followed the tracks of the entire process from input raw materials to products sales,and final waste disposal in these companies.Using the accounting model established in this paper,carbon footprint of several products has been calculated as following.1.A carbon footprint accounting system for dairy products has been established which includes 3 modules majorly:?1?Greenhouse gas accounting for large scale dairy farms;?2?Greenhouse gas emissions accounting for raw milk transportation;?3?Greenhouse gas emissions accounting for production and processing in dairy factory.2.In dairy production process,the highest proportion of greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farm is 30%⁸2%.The highest proportion of the farm's emissions is the methane emissions from the intestine fermentation of cattle,which is approximately26.80⁵2.93%.The second is feed processing and production which is 24.78%⁶0.76%.The third one is energy consumption in factory which is 6.24%¹3.6%.The fourth one is the management of cattle manure as 6.18%¹1.28%.Followed by the production and processing in the factory is the greenhouse gas emissions from transportation of product sales and waste disposal processes which is far less than 1%.The raw milk carbon footprint of different functional units in the three farms is 0.84².06 tCO₂eq/tFPCM,1.10².71 tCO₂eq/tECM and 0.29⁰.71 tCO₂eq/t RM,respectively.Four companies use FPCM as standard milk to make carbon labels,calculating their representative product carbon footprint,and labelling their products with carbon labels3.Regardless of the difference in functional units,the carbon footprint of raw milk production in China is about 0.597².713 tCO₂/t.In addition to the Greenhouse gas emissions of energy-corrected milk in the B1 farm,others are higher than the global average level,carbon emissions in other regions are significantly lower than the global average level,but are generally higher than European countries'level.The important and crucial factor affecting the size of dairy products'carbon footprint is the size of greenhouse gas emissions from raw milk production and the choice of different functional units.4.For the optimization of the accounting model,it should be include that the use of manure in the field and the greenhouse gas emissions of other major raw materials except raw milk in the farm.In-depth study of the greenhouse gas accounting method caused by the sales process and the cold storage agent.For the greenhouse gas accounting of transportation process,in order to provide more accurate activity level data reference.It is recommended that the fuel consumption of each transportation type can be record for at least for one year.Meanwhile,the calculation process for this accounting model should be more meticulous,specific and accurate,and less error.And data quality management should be strengthened and raw and auxiliary materials should also be added as tables.