Ecological Environment Characteristics And Ecological Restoration Of Abandoned Mines In Guangde,Anhui

With the continuous development of our society and the acceleration of urbanization process,people's demand for mineral resources is also increasing,and a large number of mines are exploited and utilized.Mining also brings a series of ecological and environmental problems such as air pollution,water pollution,hidden dangers of geological disasters,soil erosion,waste of land resources and so on.These environmental problems will not only cause huge economic losses,but also pose a direct or potential threat to people's health.Therefore,the restoration and disposal of abandoned mines has become a hot topic of environmental concern.This paper takes Lianfeng abandoned mine in Guangde County of Anhui Province as the research area.On the basis of collecting the related data of climate,hydrology,geology and geomorphology of Lianfeng abandoned mine,the characteristics of atmospheric environment,surface water environment,soil erosion,soil environment,vegetation environment and slope stability are studied.According to the degree of mine damage,the study area was divided into different zones,and corresponding measures for vegetation restoration were put forward according to different zones.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Analyzing the ecological environment characteristics of Lianfeng abandoned mine research area,the results show that the monitoring results of heavy metals in atmosphere,surface water and soil conform to the national standards;the slope stability of the study area is good as a whole,but the slope in the West and middle of Lianfeng abandoned mine is steep and weathered seriously,and there are landslides in the study area.The background value of soil erosion modulus in the study area is as high as 3256 t/km~2.a,the area of soil erosion accounts for 66.3%of the surface area of the mining area,and the soil and water loss is serious;the range of soil pH in the study area is between 7.5 and 7.7,showing weak alkalinity;the average soil moisture content is 16.3%,and the available potassium,available phosphorus,available phosphorus in the soil are available.The average contents of total nitrogen and organic matter were 49.67 mg/kg,4.54 mg/kg,709.01 mg/kg and 9.25 g/kg,respectively,which were lower than the average values of the soil at the comparative sampling sites outside the study area.The soil nutrient content was low and the soil was poor.After mining,the vegetation resources in the study area were seriously damaged and the vegetation coverage was less than 15%.(2)According to the selection principle of plant species for ecological restoration,11 suitable plants were selected by analytic hierarchy process(AHP)for ecological restoration in Lianfeng abandoned mining area.Among them,arbor plants include Robinia pseudoacacia,Pinus massoniana,Platycladus orientalis and Koelreuteria Paniculata,shrub plants include Lespedeza,Bamboo and Rosa rubrucea.Plants include dog grass and thatch grass;lianas include creeper and Wisteria.(3)According to the severity of ecological environment damage,the study was divided into three areas:the key restoration and control area,the secondary restoration and control area and the general restoration and control area.Slope cutting and load reduction,base material spraying technology and Swallow nest greening technology are used to restore the vegetation of the slope in the key restoration and control areas,and debris removal,site leveling and guest soil cover are used in the secondary restoration and control areas.Trees,shrubs,herbs and vines are combined to plant the site.Restoration of green areas;restoration of vegetation in general restoration areas after planting.