Study On Ecological Restoration And Cultivation Technology Of Mine Solid Waste Accumulation

Mineral resources are an important industry in China's economic development.With the mutual promotion of national economy and mineral industry,people's demand for mineral resources increases,the utilization rate increases,and the mining yield increases.However,a series of extremely serious environmental problems will occur in the whole operation process of mineral resources,such as the destruction or occupation of a large area of mountains caused by tailings discharge,affecting the stability of mountains,and even geological disasters such as rock collapse and landslides.In addition,the high potential energy of tailings pond will cause the harm of artificial debris flow in rainstorm,and the tailings itself contains more heavy metal elements,which will destroy the quality of soil and surface water and cause harm to the health of surrounding residents.Ecological civilization construction is the basic concept of national environmental governance,and the combination of economic and civilized construction is the premise of promoting green development.This paper mainly studies the ecological restoration of tailings ponds that have been closed for many years in Henan Province.The research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)The types of vegetation suitable for growing on solid waste accumulation and the conditions needed for vegetation growth are summarized through consulting literature and investigation statistics.Finally,four kinds of herbaceous plants were selected,namely Pennisetum,ancient grass,alfalfa and reed,and three kinds of shrubs were mainly Sophora japonica,Vitex negundo and Hippophae rhamnoides.These seven plants have good heat resistance,drought resistance and humidity resistance,and can withstand the cold season.They have strong soil fixation and are not easy to fall down,and can be used as embankment sand-fixing plants.(2)Through on-the-spot investigation of the ecological restoration status of the closed tailings project,considering the trace toxic elements contained in tailings,vegetation and crop species,growth environment,artificial growth technology,survival rate and toxic substances contained in crop growth,it is concluded that the suitable crop species are soybean,corn and sorghum,and their growth characteristics are drought resistance,cold resistance and barren resistance,and the three crops have high environmental adaptability and nutritional value.(3)According to the screened vegetation species and crop species,the thickness of covering soil needed to grow under the same condition is different.Sketshup software is used to model,Lumion software is used to render,three-dimensional model is established,and intercropping and interplanting are carried out in different regions,which can alleviate the contradiction between man and land,vegetation and crops competing for land,rationally allocate planting areas according to vegetation species,and make the greening of the whole mining area orderly and uniform.In this study,the ecological restoration of tailings pond was explored from four aspects: theoretical analysis,vegetation screening,model building,case analysis and comparison,and the rectification,restoration and sustainable development of abandoned tailings pond were completed to the greatest extent.Comparing and combining the successful cases of Jiagou tailings pond restoration,it provided more theoretical evidence for this paper.