Occurrence And Risk Assessment Of 22 Phthalate Esters In Bottled Drinking Water And Dried Fruits In Leisure Food

Phthalate esters(PAEs)have attracted much attention because of their ubiquity in foods and the environment and their potential endocrine disrupting toxicity.At present,a lot of countries have conducted a series of studies on 6 PAEs which have been listed in the priority control list(dimethyl phthalate(DMP),diethyl phthalate(DEP),dibutyl phthalate(DBP),benyl butyl phthalate(BBP),bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP),di-n-octyl phthalate(DEHP))in environment and foodstuff.However,very few attentions have been paid to the PAEs which are not included in the priority control list.Furthermore,with the development of toxicological research,the reproductive and neurotoxicity of some uncontrolled PAEs have also been found.Therefore,it is of great significance to carry on some studies on the detection methods,the risk assessment and the control of controlled or uncontrolled PAEs in foods.With the development of economy,the consumption of the bottled soft drinks and the leisure food increases.China has become the world's largest consumer of bottled drinking water.However,there are few studies have been conducted on the PAEs in bottled water and leisure foods.Particularly,much more researchs on the quality and safety risk factors of dried fruits should been conducted for that which is one of the three major leisure foods.Concerning this issue,6 controlled PAEs and 16 uncontrolled PAEs were took as the targets.Bottled drinking water,died fruits and other leisure foods were used as the research objects.The solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE-GC-MS/MS)analytical method of the 22 PAEs of foods such as bottled drinking water and dried fruits were established.At the 5 spiked levels,the recoveries of the 22 PAEs in bottled drinking water and dried fruits were changed from 76%to 125%and 60%to 107%,respectively,and the relative standard deviations(RSD)were less than 14.6%.The method quantitation limits of the 22 PAEs in bottled drinking water were 0.012-8.1×10-3 ?g/L,and the method detection limits of 22 PAEs were 0.025-2.1 ×10-3 ?g/L,wich were much lower than the method detection limits of the existing methods.As for dried fruits,the method quantitation limits of 22 PAEs were determined to be 0.0323-12.00 ?g/kg and the method quantitation limits of 22 PAEs were determined to be 0.0097-3.61 ?g/kg,which satisfactorily met the requirements of the trace analysis.The PAEs in 60 bottled drinking water samples of 10 commercial brands wihch purchased from markets in Beijing were investigated.Seventeen PAEs were detected in all water samples with concentrations ranging from 0.010 ?g/L to 0.51 ?g/L,and DBP was the predominant controlled PAEs.The correlation analysis between the concentrations of PAEs in packing material(polyethylene terephthalate(PET)bottles)and the concentrations of PAEs in water samples were conducted and the results suggested that packing material might be one of the important sources of the PAEs in bottled drinking water,especially for DMP,DBP,diisobutyl phthalate(DIBP),dihexyl phthalate(DHXP)and di-n-nonyl phthalate(DNP).In view of the shortage of the toxicology data,the dietary exposure risks of the four controlled PAEs were estimated in this study.It was found that the intake of the bottled drinking water posed no potential hazard to the health of adults in Beijing.However,the risks of uncontrolled PAEs such as DIBP should be paid much more concerns for their high detection rate and highest detectable concentration in bottled drinking water.In this study,the occurrence of 22 PAEs in 7 kinds of dried fruits(dried cranberries and raisins,etc.)from 14 commercial brands was investigated.Sixteen PAEs were detected in the dried fruit samples with concentrations ranging from 0.19 ?glL to 745 ?g/kg.The controlled DEHP and the uncontrolled di-n-heptyl phthalate(DHP)had the highest concentration in dried fruits,followed by DBP,DIBP and DMP.In all dried fruit groups,the highest PAEs concentrations were observed in dried cranberries.The risks of uncontrolled PAEs such as DHP and DIBP should be paid much more attention for their high detection rates and detected concentrations in dried fruits.Besides,One-way ANOVA showed that the dried fruit packed in brown paper and aluminum foil containers contained significantly higher concentration of high molecular weight PAEs compared to other types of packaging materials.Through the dietary exposure risk sssessment of four controlled PAEs,it was found that the intake of dried fruits posed no potential hazard to the health of adults in China.However,due to the shortage of toxicology data of uncontrolled PAEs and the appearance of high detection rate and high detection concentrations(eg,DHP and DIBP),the risk of the total PAEs in bottled water and dried fruits is underestimated and needs much more further research.