| Object In this article,through collecting the monitoring results and basic information of water samples of domestic and drinking water in the area of Lu'an city from 2014 to2016,to explore the influencing factors of water quality in Lu'an city.At the same time,by using the U.S.environmental protection agency?USEPA?health risk assessment model,to understand the exposure level and distribution characteristics of chemical pollutants in drinking water,to evaluate the potential harm of drinking water in Lu'an city.In this way,basic data are provided to relevant departments,improvement measures and suggestions are provided to ensure the safety of drinking water,and scientific basis is provided for the risk management of drinking water of relevant departments.Methods The survey subjects were all the monitoring results of drinking water reported by Lu'an city from 2014 to 2016,and the general information of water supply enterprises was collected as necessary supplementary investigation.The survey data mainly include monitoring year,monitoring area,sampling type,water period type,water source type,water sample type,disinfection method and monitoring result,etc.In the analysis of water quality influencing factors,the Excel 2013 data was used for sorting and assigning values,and the independent factor analysis was carried out by using the independent intelligence test in SPSS17.0 statistical software package,with P<0.05 as the difference of statistical significance.Multivariate analysis used binary logistic regression method to determine the influencing factors of water quality qualified rate.In health risk assessment,Excel 2013 was used to enter test data and establish a database.SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis,and the average value of pollutants was selected for evaluation.Health risk assessment using cancer risk assessment model,non-carcinogenic risk assessment model and the total risk assessment model.Results?1?From 2014 to 2016,there were 2 793 water samples monitored in Lu'an city.When the indicators of disinfectant in water samples in rural areas were included in the criteria,there were 1 320 qualified water samples,and the total qualified rate was 47.3%.When the indicators of disinfectant in water samples in rural areas are not included in the criteria,1 834 water samples are qualified,and the total qualified rate is 65.7%.When the unsterilized water samples were not included in the statistics,a total of 2,266water samples were monitored in 3 years,1 407 of which were qualified,and the total qualified rate was 62.1%.?2?Of the 499 water samples in urban areas,the qualified rate was 84.0%?419?.The qualified rates form 2014 to 2016 were 85.1%,84.5%and 82.4%.The finished water and ending pipe water and secondary water supply water qualified rates were 59.3%,87.9%and 79.2%.The dry season and wet season water quality pass rates were 85.1%,82.8%.The qualified rates of liquid chlorine disinfection and chlorine dioxide disinfection were 84.8%and 66.7%.?3?When the disinfectant index was included in the water quality criteria,the qualified rate of 2294 rural water samples was 43.1%?988?.The qualified rates during 3years were 36.5%,46.6%and 46.3%.The finished water and ending pipe water qualified rates were 46.9%and 40.0%.The dry season and wet season water quality pass rates were 42.1%,44.0%.The qualified rates of water samples treated with unsterilized,liquid chlorine,bleaching powder and chlorine dioxide were 0%,94.3%,64.7%and 50.7%.The qualified rates of surface water and groundwater were 44.2%and 38.4%.?4?When the disinfectant index is not included in the water quality criteria,the qualified rate of 2294 rural water samples was 61.7%?1415?.The qualified rates during3 years were 54.0%,67.2%and 64.2%.The finished water and ending pipe water qualified rates were 67.0%and 57.3%.The dry season and wet season water quality pass rates were 63.4%,60.0%.The qualified rates of water samples treated with unsterilized,liquid chlorine,bleaching powder and chlorine dioxide were 37.8%,94.3%,68.3%and 67.6%.The qualified rates of surface water and groundwater were 60.9%and 64.7%.?5?The total risk of urban water in Lu'an city form 2014 to 2016 was 6.76×10-6(a-1),which slightly higher than the maximum acceptable risk level of 5×10-5(a-1)recommended by IARC,between 1×10-6 to 1×10-4 recommended by USEPA.The total risk of rural water was 10.5×10-5/a,which was twice the maximum acceptable risk level of 5×10-5(a-1)recommended by IARC and above 1×10-4 recommended by USEPA.Conclusions?1?The qualified rate of drinking water in urban areas of Lu'an was high.Different regions,types of water samples and disinfection methods were the influencing factors of water quality.The water supply enterprise still needs to pay attention to the disinfectant and microorganism index,at the same time,to improve the water supply capacity planning and strengthen the emergency capacity construction.The secondary water supply unit shall carry out the secondary disinfection of water samples and the cleaning of reservoirs.?2?The quality of water in rural areas of Lu'an is not optimistic.Different years,regions,types of water samples and disinfection methods were the influencing factors of water quality.The water treatment technology of water supply enterprises was backward,personnel technical ability was low,and health management system was inadequate.It was necessary to strengthen the protection of water source,improve water treatment technology of water supply enterprises,strengthen the training of drinking water disinfection of water supply personnel,increase health education on drinking water for rural residents,and encourage residents to develop good habits and behaviors of drinking water.?3?The total health risk of drinking water in urban areas of Lu'an was acceptable,and the total risk of drinking water health in rural areas has a significant risk,it should be paid enough attention to.According to the health risk assessment,the chemical pollutants which should be given priority control in Lu'an waterworks was chromium. |
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