Analysis And Identification Of Polyphenols In Linden Honey

Honey is rich in nutrients and has many biological activities such as anti-oxidation,anti-aging,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory.It is widely regarded as a natural health product.In recent years,a large number of studies have shown that these biological activities of honey are inseparable from the polyphenolic compounds contained therein.Linden tree is the main honey source plant in northeastern China.Linden honey is divided into tilia amurensis honey and tilia mandshurica honey.It is the only honey that has been determined after the classification of China.Therefore,this paper mainly analyzes the polyphenolic compounds in 30 samples of linden honey collected in different parts of Northeast China,including 15 samples of tilia amurensis honey and 15 samples of tilia mandshurica honey.The main findings are as follows:Established HPLC separation method for detecting polyphenols in Chinese linden honey.The polyphenolic compounds in linden honey samples were enriched by the Strata-XA SPE column and analyzed at a UV detection wavelength of 280 nm.A total of 13 polyphenolic compounds and 2 abscisic acids were identified,including4-hydroxy benzoic acid,vanillin,gallic acid,p-coumaric acid,methyl syringate,trans-trans-abscisic,cis-trans-abscisic acid,cinnamic acid,5-methoxy pinobanksin,pinobanksin,kaempferol,pinocembrin,pinobanksin-3-o-acetate,chrysin and galangin.According to the internal standard method and other quantitative analysis of these components,we preliminarily speculated that 4-hydroxybenzoic acid,vanillin,gallic acid,p-coumaric acid,methyl syringate,trans-trans-abscisic,cis-trans-abscisic acid,cinnamic acid and chrysin are the main polyphenolic compounds in tilia amurensis honey;gallic acid,p-coumaric acid,trans-trans-abscisic,cis-trans-abscisic acid,pinobanksin,pinocembrin and chrysin are the main polyphenolic compounds in the tilia mandshurica honey.A new component,the No.5 chromatographic peak,was detected in samples of linden honey by HPLC and GC-MS/MS.The chromatographic peaks were identified as mixed components by mass spectrometry fragmentation mechanism and ion assignment principle,respectively,m/z 164,4-isopropenyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid;m/z 163,N-phenylacetamide.This mixed component was first reported in linden honey from China,so these substances were collectively named lindenins.Because of its large amount of stable existence in all samples of linden honey,it is preliminarily speculated that it can be used as one of the landmark components for judging the source of linden honey plants in China.The HPLC fingerprints of polyphenols in honeydew honey and girlfriends from China were constructed by using Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System A(2004).Through the similarity evaluation system,the statistical analysis of the HPLC chromatograms of linden honey showed that the similarity was between 0.618 and 0.962 in all samples of the tilia amurensis honey,and the similarity was between 0.667 and 0.945 in all samples of tilia mandshurica honey.It shows that the similarity between the samples of the same eucalyptus honey is higher.According to the results of the common peak,it is determined that the iconic components of the tilia amurensis honey are 4-hydroxybenzoic acid,vanillin,p-coumaric acid,trans-trans-abscisic,cis-trans-abscisic acid and lindenin.The hallmarks of the tilia mandshurica honey are gallic acid,p-coumaric acid,trans-trans-abscisic,cis-trans-abscisic acid,pinobanksin,chrysin and lindenin.In addition,the ratio of the peak area of lindenin to cis-trans-abscisic acid in the samples of tilia amurensis honey was 2.15~7.93 and it was 0.21~1.86 in the samples of tilia mandshurica honey.Therefore,the HPLC fingerprint of polyphenols in the linden honey can effectively distinguish the tilia amurensis honey and the tilia mandshurica honey in China.It is the only way to successfully distinguish the tilia amurensis honey and the tilia mandshurica honey in China.