Inhibition Of Citral On Virulence Of Vibiro Parahaemolyticus And The Possible Mode Of Action

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common foodborne pathogen that occurs mostly in ocean environmentand seafood,diseases caused by which is leading among all microbiological-foodborne illness.V.parahaemolyticus is able to colonize on all kinds of seafood and lead to serious food poisoning events,people who have food contaminated by this pathogen could get abdominal pain,dehydration,sepsis or evendeath.Currently,methods of controlling V.parahaemolyticus mainly focus on antibiotic,whereas bacteria become more resistant as they get more adaptable to the outside,bring numerous difficulthandling.Hence,it is urgent to explore a reliable way that is not only efficient with low toxicity,but also produceslow tolerance.Recent years,plant extractions have met people's expectations due to safe chemical componentwith antimicrobial efficacy,and citral is major component of lemon glass that has been proved to showantimicrobial efficacy and has been approved to be added to food as an additive.Taking the sub-inhibitory concentration of citral as experimental concentration,this article learned theeffect of citral on V.parahaemolyticus virulence(motility,biofilm,adhesion,quorum sensinget.al.),supplying theoretical basis for abating pathogenicity by interfering possible infection mechanismsand also offering knowledge for the new kind of anti-infective drug.Thus,we have obtained the followingresults:(1)The minimal inhibitory concentration of citral againstsix strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were 100-300 ?g/mL,and the sub-inhibitory concentration of citral againstV.parahaemolyticus was 3.725?6.25 and 12.5 ?g/mL.(2)Citral at the concentration of 3.125-6.25 ?g/mL was able to inhibitthe motility of V.parahaemolyticus significantly and showed a dose dependent manner.Additionally,6.25 ?g/mL and 12.5?g/mL of citral down regulated expression of flagellum-related genes.(3)Citral at the concentration of 3.125-12.5 ?g/mL was able to depress biofilm formation ofV.parahaemolyticus significantly and showeda dose independent manner.Additionally,6.25 ?g/mL and 12.5?g/mL of citral down regulated expression of biofilm-related genes.(4)Citral at the concentration of 3.125-6.25 ?g/mL was able to inhibitthe production of signals(AI-2)ofV.parahaemolyticus significantly and showed a dose independent manner.Additionally,6.25 ?g/mL and 12.5?g/mL of citral down regulated expression of QS-related genes.(5)Citral at the concentration of 3.125-6.25 ?g/mL was able to inhibitthe adhension of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to Caco-2 cells and down-regulated virulence-related genes expression.Subsequently,this study indicated that citral could significantly influence virulence-related factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus,which could provide valuable and practical basis for exploring anti-Vibrio parahaemolyticus drugs.