The Practice And Revelation Of The Initial Allocation Of EU Carbon Emission Rights

China announced at the end of 2017,the national carbon emissions trading market officially launched,marking the end of the carbon trading pilot,carbon emissions trading will gradually on the right track.In view of this,the pace of research on carbon emission rights must be accelerated.And to build a carbon trading system,the core issue,but also the focus of attention,is the initial allocation of carbon rights.The initial distribution of science or not,directly affect the subsequent two-tier market transaction effect,and then directly affect the entire carbon emissions trading system operation effectiveness.The European Union Emissions trading system is the world's first and currently the world's largest carbon emissions trading system,the system has now entered the third phase.The 31 countries in the EU emissions trading system have different social and economic development levels,which is similar to the national conditions of different provinces in China.Therefore,learning from the reform experience of the EU emissions trading system is of great significance for China's carbon emission trading market under construction.Through the study and analysis of the relevant literatures on the initial distribution of carbon emission rights at home and abroad,this paper studies the reform of the EU emissions trading system in the past year,including the EU Carbon market report published by the official website of the European Commission in 2012,2015 and 2017 in three different years.On the basis of summarizing the practice and experience of the EU Emissions trading system(especially the initial allocation of carbon emission rights),this paper puts forward some suggestions on the initial allocation of carbon emission rights in the construction of China's carbon emission trading system.First,in order to deal with the pressure exerted by the developed countries on the developing countries,especially our country,we should not only unswervingly advocate the principle of "common but differentiated" responsibility,but also change the reasons for our claim.Otherwise,the "blame" of the developed countries on similar "historical responsibility" will affect the practical role of the principle.Second,in determining the total amount of carbon emission quotas,China should be completely transformed into a "top-down" way of determining.The National carbon emission rights of a certain year are determined by the State on a certain standard,and the annual amount of carbon emission is determined according to the yearly linear emission reduction factor.Three is to break the administrative divisions,no longer to the province as a unit,but to "urban agglomeration" unit downward distribution of carbon emission rights.The other is to improve the proportion of auction distribution,and to optimize the free distribution mode,which makes the historical emission method transition to the benchmark law gradually.The establishment of market Stability reserve mechanism to make the total amount of auction more flexible.