Comparative And Complex Studies On Volatile Solid Materials In Archaeological Excavation Of Moist Environment

There is a large stock of cultural relics in China.With the increasing requirements for archaeological excavation,a large number of damaged,fragile,fragile relics and related relics need to be fully protected.This has put forward higher requirements for the protection technology and materials of cultural relics.The complete extraction of fragile cultural relics into the laboratory is very important for the protection of fragile relics and related information.The key to improve site protection is to choose temporary solid materials reasonably.Traditional temporary solid materials are gypsum,polyurethane and other on-site molding materials.Such temporary solid materials have many problems such as large volume,long construction period and uncertain safety.In recent years,a class of revolutionary volatile temporary solid materials have been successfully used in the extraction of site cultural relics,such as menthol,cyclododecane,etc.These volatile solid materials can be completely volatilized in the restoration site after the reinforcement,extraction and relocation,without affecting the original structure of the cultural relics.But can these materials be applied to wet archaeological excavations?How do they work in different environments and cultural relics?Are there other similar or superior solid materials?Such problems need to be studied in depth.Eight low melting point volatile spices or chemical materials,including menthol,coumarin,ethylmaltol,musk,cyclododecane,eicosane,hexadecanol,and menthol lactate,were selected.Quartz sand,Liangzhu soil particle,oak powder and fruit wood carbon powder with different dryness and wetness of certain mesh were used as the weak emulation medium of moist environment.There are seven experimental parameters,such as the optimum melting temperature,extraction quality and penetration depth,strengthening sand strength,failure rate law,shrinkage rate,shrinkage phenomenon and the change of the strength of one casting and three pouring.And they were investigated from three aspects of material working performance,construction technology and safety of cultural relics,and the optimum melting temperature,extraction quality and penetration depth.The comprehensive analysis shows that menthol has good reinforcement strength,but its permeability is in the same state,the lactate menthol and musk have good permeability,but the strength is low.Cyclododecane and coumarin have good strengthening strength,but the permeability is poor.In order to improve the extraction performance of volatile temporary solid materials in humid environment,the feasibility of the recombination of solid materials was further discussed on the basis of pure component detection.It was found that the combination of coumarin and toner musk with a quality of 1:1 mixing has a higher strength and penetration ability,and its application advantage is in the high field ambient temperature.Menthol is a new formula for the temporary reinforcement of wet and low temperature environment by reducing the co-melting point of the mixture at 9:1.The situation of archaeological site in humid environment is complex.This work provides reference experimental data and new ideas for selective use or compound use of volatile temporary solid materials according to specific conditions.