Study On Ecological Remediation Modes Of Typical Abandoned Mines In Beijing

With the development of society,the transformation of economic development mode,and the construction of ecological civilization,ecological remediation of capital mines is very crucial.At present,there are many theoretical researches and practices on mine ecological restoration mode.In order to summarize the results of mine management,evaluate the effects of mine management and supplement the deficiencies of this research,this study synthesized the objectives of natural,social and economic,analyzed the effects of vegetation restoration and ecological remediation modes of the mine in Beijing,evaluated the ecological remediation modes suitable for Beijing’s development,and optimized them.Taking abandoned mines in Beijing as the research object,13 typical abandoned mines were selected.Through field investigation and aerial photography,the ecological remediation status of mines and vegetation restoration status of 43 typical samples were investigated,and soil samples were collected for indoor physical and chemical properties analysis to obtain research data.The following research results were obtained:(1)Analysis of the ecological remediation of mines at home and abroad,the mines are divided into three remediation modes,namely,tourism landscape reconstruction mode,agriculture,forestry,fishery and poultry mode and vegetation greening model(first-level classification).On the basis of the model and according to the means of remediation,the mine is divided into seven types of remediation(secondary classification),namely:the mine park type,the type of tourism development zone,the type of agriculture and forestry industry,the type of fish pond landscape,the type of near-natural restoration,the type of engineering greening technology and the other type.The number of mines in the vegetation greening model accounts for about half of the mines in the study area.(2)Evaluation of mine vegetation restoration effect.Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the vegetation restoration effects of 13 mines.The mine park type is the best in landscape reconstruction modes.The second is the near-natural remediation type in vegetation greening modes.The third is the type of agriculture and fruit industry and the type of fish pond landscape in the agriculture,forestry,fishery and poultry modes.(3)Comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of the mine ecological remediation mode.According to the goal of the best comprehensive benefit,a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed,and an AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established to evaluate the effect of mine ecological remediation mode.The results show that there are mines with better comprehensive benefits in the three restoration modes.Among them,the type of mine park represented by Pinggu Tatun Gold Mine and the type of agriculture and forestry fruit represented by Huairou Qifeng Tea Gold Mine are the best remediation types in 13 mines.Overall,in addition to ecological remediation technology measures of some mines of the vegetation restoration mode and the agricultural,forestry,fishery and poultry mode need to be further improved,and the ecological remediation effect of most mines is better.