Carbon Emission Effect Of Agricultural Water And Land Resources Exploitation In Henan Province

Carbon emission of agricultural water and land resources exploitation(CE-AWLE)is one of the important sources of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture.Water,land,energy and other agricultural resources can be directly utilized by human beings.Over-investment of land,waste of water and energy resources and carbon emissions caused by irrational use of agricultural water and land resources(AWLR)deserve attention.Due to the different exploitation and utilization modes of water and land resources among different regions,there are obvious regional differences in CE-AWLE.At the same time,the mismatch of AWLR and the unbalanced distribution of AWLR have also become the main factors leading to the increase of agricultural energy consumption and carbon emissions.From the perspective of"water-land-energy-carbon"correlation,this paper analyzed the CE-AWLE analyzed by this paper.A new theoretical perspective for the study of the relationship between multi-factor coupling and carbon emissions provided by this paper,and has important practical significance for promoting resource conservation,improving agricultural production efficiency and ensuring food security.Based on the survey data of farmers in 65 typical sample villages of Henan Province,carbon emissions of different crop types in the process of AWLR exploitation were calculated.The spatial pattern of carbon emission and its efficiency of spatial CE-AWLE in Henan province was analyzed by DEA model,and the driving mechanism of carbon emission efficiency in CE-AWLE was discussed by Tobit model.Finally,low-carbon and high-efficiency policy development suggestions based on carbon emission efficiency were put forward.The main conclusions are as following:(1)The framework and method of carbon emission accounting for CE-AWLE have been Established.The CE-AWLE in Henan Province by IPCC was calculated by IPCC,and the matching degree of AWLR and the spatial characteristics of carbon emissions in different regions were discussed.In 2016,the CE-AWLE in Henan Province was 1153.849×10~4t,and the intensity of carbon emission was 918.107 kg/ha.The matching coefficient of AWLR in Henan Province is 0.229,which is much lower than the national average(1.33).In each input process,the intensity of carbon emissions and carbon emissions from land input is significantly higher than other input modes.The contribution order of different input stages to CE-AWLE is land input>land harvest>irrigation>land tillage>well drilling.(2)CE-AWLE and carbon emission intensity of agricultural water and land Resources exploitation(CEI-AWLE)in different crop growth cycles have obvious regional differences.The CE-AWLE of wheat in Henan Province was 562.25×10~4t,accounting for 48.73%of the CE-AWLE in 2016.The average CEI-AWLE of wheat was 928.39 kg/ha.The CE-AWLE of maize was generally distributed in the southeast,north and West regions,and its intensity was generally distributed in the west,high in the East and low in the east.In the composition of CE-AWLE in Maize,the same chemical fertilizer carbon emissions occupy a dominant position.The CE-AWLE of maize was 346.25×10~4t,accounting for 30%of the CE-AWLE.The average CEI-AWLE of maize was 893.23 kg/ha.The CEI-AWLE of maize was lower than that of wheat.Peanut CE-AWLE generally show a pattern of high in the South and low in the north,and its intensity also shows a pattern of high in the South and low in the north.In the composition of peanut CE-AWLE,the same chemical fertilizer carbon emissions dominate.The CE-AWLE of peanut was about 119.31×10~4t,accounting for 10.34%of the CE-AWLE.The average CEI-AWLE of peanut was 809.78 kg/ha.(3)The carbon emission efficiency of agricultural water and land resources exploitation was studied,and found that the comprehensive efficiency of CE-AWLE in Henan province was 0.449,and there was still much room to improve the efficiency of agricultural carbon emissions in 2016.the technical efficiency and scale efficiency of CE-AWLE in the whole province were 0.621 and 0.707.The technical efficiency and scale efficiency in agricultural production process were relatively small,and there was room for improvement.Carbon emission efficiency was higher in areas with better matching degree of AWLR,but lower in areas with poorer matching degree.(4)The carbon emission efficiency of CE-AWLE was affected by many factors.In general,The factors of land input intensity,per capita sown area,agricultural technology and industrial structure have significant effects on the carbon emission efficiency of CE-AWLE,while the effects of water-saving irrigation rate,agricultural economic development level and disaster degree are not significant.The per capita sowing area was significantly positive at 1%level,which indicates that the expansion of planting scale in Henan Province contributes to the improvement of carbon emission efficiency,while the agricultural technology was significantly negative at 1%,the industrial structure was significantly negative at 5%level,and the intensity of land input was significantly negative at 10%level.Therefore,the backward agricultural technology,unreasonable industrial structure and high intensity of land input all restrict the efficiency of agricultural carbon emissions.(5)Based on the above research,the following low carbon strategies should be considered in the exploitation of agricultural water and land resources in Henan province.(1)Improving the policy guarantee system and guiding the transformation of agricultural exploitation mode.(2)Optimizing crop planting structure and controlling agricultural carbon emissions from source.(3)Optimizing the layout of planting structure and control agricultural carbon emissions from the source.(4)Strengthening the research and exploitation of low-carbon technology to achieve low-carbon transformation in the exploitation process.