Study On Control And Removal Of Aflatoxin During Peanut Oil Processing

Peanut oil has always been a favorite high-end edible vegetable oil in China.Peanut is very easy to absorb moisture and mildew during growth and storage,resulting in serious aflatoxin pollution.As a processed product,peanut oil is also threatened by aflatoxin contamination.Aflatoxin has The three toxicity of teratogenic,carcinogenic,mutagenic.Therefore,it is necessary to use an effective method to control aflatoxin contamination in peanut oil and to study the effective detoxification process of peanut oil that has been contaminated with aflatoxin.In this paper,the migration rule and removal effect of peanut oil during processing were studied from the selection of peanut kernels,the preparation of crude oil and the refining of peanut oil.?1?Optimizing the pretreatment and chromatographic conditions of immunoaffinity column-high performance liquid chromatography-post-column photochemical derivatization-fluorescence detector method in GB5009.22-2016"Determination of aflatoxin B and G in food"The linear correlation coefficients of four aflatoxins at high,medium and low concentrations were 0.9995 to 0.9998,the recoveries were 86.0%-96.4%,and the relative standard deviations were between1.33%and 8.60%.?2?The AFT content of 26 peanut samples was tested.The detection of 23 peanut kernels from peanut oil plant found that the AFB₁ content of 8 peanut kernel samples exceeded the national standard of 20?g/kg,and the exceeding rate was 34.78%.It can be seen that the risk of AFT exceeding the standard in the peanut raw materials purchased by the peanut oil plant is relatively high.After the color selection of the three samples,the average AFB₁ content of the three samples decreased by 67.80%.It can be seen that the peanut raw material is preferred in the processing of peanut oil and the color selection is strictly carried out,which is the key to prevent the aflatoxin from exceeding the standard in the peanut raw material.?3?The samples of peanut kernels with different AFT high,medium and low contents were subjected to low temperature pressing,high temperature roasting and leaching to oil production.The results of AFT content in 9 peanut oils showed average AFT content of hot pressing,cold pressing and leaching oil was 13.97,18.06,and4.71?g/kg,respectively,which were 27.10%,35.03%,and 9.14%of the average AFT content of the raw peanut kernels.The AFB₁ and AFT contents in the pressed crude oil were significantly higher than that of the leached crude oil.The average content of AFB₁ in the three crude oils prepared from the better quality peanut kernels was 0.44?g/kg,which was only 3.53%of the AFB₁ content in the raw peanut kernels;the average AFB₁ content of three crude oils obtained from the colorled moldy peanut kernels was 33.39?g/kg,which was 36.60%of the content of peanut kernels,and the content exceeded the national standard limit of 1.62 times.The AFT content of peanut hot pressed cake,cold pressed cake and leaching mash was 11.82⁵7.96,9.51⁵2.06,16.67¹00.00?g/kg,and the average values were 30.25,25.83,54.62?g/kg,respectively,was 58.68%,50.10%,and 105.96%average content of peanut,the AFB₁ and AFT content in the leached peanut cake was significantly higher than that of the pressed peanut cake.The contents of VE and sterol in the crude oil obtained from the three samples were:cold pressed oil>hot pressed oil>leached crude oil.The VE and sterol contents of the three peanut oils with better quality were higher than those of the mildewed peanuts.the AFT content of pressed peanut oil was higher than that of leaching oil,but the pressing process can effectively retain VE and sterol.Therefore,it is necessary to color-select to prevent the exceeding AFT content in the peanut pressed oil,increase the VE,sterol content.?4?The alkali refining process with alkali mass fraction of 6.58%,excess alkali0.4%,alkali refining temperature of 55°C,and alkali refining time of 20 min was selected.AFB₁ content of 21.10⁸6.70?g/kg and an AFT content of 22.76⁸8.25?g/Kg,acid value?in KOH?of 5.09¹1.37 mg/g of different quality peanut oil in the alkali deacidification process,the AFB₁ and AFT in the alkali refining oil decreased to about 1?g/kg,reaching the national standard limit and the EU Limited requirements.The optimum conditions for the removal of the extreme acid value?31.96 mg/g?peanut oil by alkali smelting were obtained by single factor and orthogonal test,namely:alkali mass fraction:17.67%,excess alkali:0.3%,time:15min.Temperature:60°C,the AFT content of peanut oil can be reduced from:53.80?g/kg to 0.51?g/kg,the removal rate is as high as 99.1%.Therefore,the two alkaline deacidification process conditions can effectively remove aflatoxin from peanut oil.?5?When the addition amount of four kinds of adsorbents of activated clay,Norit activated carbon,silica gel and Feiyang 9805 activated carbon is 1%,except for silica gel,other adsorbents can remove the AFB₁ content below the national standard limit requirement,the removal rates of AFT in peanut oil were 86.4%,69.3%,41.9%,and80.40%,respectively.Compared with the other three new adsorbent materials,activated clay had the best AFT removal effect in peanut oil.When the amount of activated clay increased to 4%,the removal rate of AFB₁ and AFT increased to the highest,and the AFT of peanut oil decreased from 31.2?g/kg to 2.32?g/kg,and the removal rate was 92.7%.AFB₁ was reduced from 28.4?g/kg to 2.08?g/kg,and the removal rate was 92.6%.The decolorized peanut oil is steam distilled and deodorized.When the deodorization time is 100 min and the temperature is 260°C,the removal rate is the highest,which is 55.55%.When the physical refining is used to remove the AFT from the peanut oil,the adsorption can remove the AFT from the super-standard peanut oil to the safe content,the distillation deodorization and removal ability is limited,so it is mainly considered to remove the AFT in the peanut oil in the refining process of adsorption decolorization.