Study On The Components And Hepatoprotective Effect Of Cereal Vinegar Sediment

Vinegar sediment is a natural precipitate formed during the aging process of traditional grain vinegar,owning activities of inhibiting the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.However,the study on its material basis and mechanism of liver protection is still insufficient.In this study,the basic components,functional components,amino acid composition,and organic acid composition of vinegar sediment and vinegar supernatant were analyzed.Meanwhile,the preventive and therapeutic effect of vinegar sediment on acute liver injury in mice induced by carbon tetrachloride were studied.The main components of three kinds of cereal vinegar sediment were analysed,including moisture?25.99%⁶5.03%?,saccharides?6.20%¹2.08%?,crude proteins?7.79%²3.12%?,total acids?7.13%¹2.67%?,total flavonoids?0.26%⁰.74%?,total polyphenols?0.40%².50%?,and free amino acids?0.43%¹.99%?.The basic components of vinegar sediment and vinegar supernatant produced by the same brewing process were compared,including moisture?65%,74%?,carbohydrates?23%,17%?,crude proteins?8%,6%?,ash?4%,3%?,and a small amount of crude fat.The preventive effect of vinegar sediment on acute liver injury were evaluated.First,mice were given high-dose vinegar sediment,low-dose vinegar sediment,vinegar supernatant,and silymarin once a day for a week,then injected 2 mL/kg 40%CCl₄ intraperitoneally once,and dissected 12 hours later.After treated with CCl₄,liver index,spleen index,serum ALT,AST level,and hepatic MDA content in mice were significantly increased,and hepatic CAT activity and SOD activity were significantly decreased,with damaged lobule structure.The intragastric administration of vinegar sediment one week earlier CCl₄ could resist the liver injury induced by CCl₄,significantly decreasing liver index,spleen index,serum ALT,AST level,and hepatic MDA content,improving hepatic CAT activity and SOD activity,with most of the hepatic lobules intact.The preventive effect of vinegar sediment on liver injury in mice might be related to the effect of vinegar sediment on the abundance of some butyric acid-producing bacteria and intestinal inflammation-related bacteria in intestine,or to the regulation of vinegar sediment on intestinal lipid metabolism,amino acid biosynthesis,energy metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism in mice with liver injury.The therapeutic effect of vinegar sediment on acute liver injury were evaluated.First,mice were first injected 2 mL/kg 30%CCl₄ intraperitoneally once,then given high-dose vinegar sediment,low-doses vinegar sediment,vinegar supernatant,and silymarin once a day for a week.The results made it clear that the symptoms caused by CCl₄ that liver index,spleen index,serum ALT,AST content,and hepatic MDA content significantly increased,hepatic CAT activity and SOD activity significantly decreased,and damaged lobule structure,were set back by the intragastric administration of vinegar sediment one week after liver injury.The therapeutic effect of vinegar sediment on liver injury in mice might be related to the effect of vinegar sediment on the abundance of some butyric acid-producing bacteria in intestinal tract,or to the regulation of vinegar sediment on intestinal energy metabolism,lipid metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism in mice with liver injury.The above analysis demonstrated that vinegar sediment containing various active substances had hepatoprotective effect and ability to regulate the structure and metabolic function of gut microbiota in mice with liver injury.