| Water resource is an important material basis for human survival and development.The quality of water environment affects the sustainable development of the region.With the continuous intensification of human activities,as well as the inadequate protection of water resources,leading to serious water pollution problems.Water pollution has caused damage to the structure and function of regional water ecosystem,causing ecological unbalance in local waters and even the complete loss of some water ecological services,and brings negative impacts on the sustainable development of people's health,economy and ecological environment.Therefore,it is particularly important for regional sustainable development to have a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the current situation of regional water environment quality and to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and pollution sources of water pollution.In this research,the surface water in hubei province was selected as the study sites,based on the statistical data of water quality,the interannual dynamic trend of water quality of different water bodies on the surface of Hubei Province from 2004 to 2016 were analyzed.Water pollution index method was used to quantitatively evaluate different surface water bodies in Hubei Province(258 monitoring sections,167 river sections,70 lake reservoir sections and 21 reservoir monitoring sections),Based on spatial interpolation analysis and statistical analysis,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of surface water pollution in hubei province were discussed.Through inventory analysis,the spatial difference of surface water pollution discharge load and pollution sources are clarified.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The interannual variation of surface water quality in hubei province from 2004 to 2016 shows an overall trend of improvement in fluctuation,and the evaluation results of different surface water bodies are slightly different between years.The main river,small and medium-sized rivers,lakes and reservoirs water quality of the worst years was in 2007 and 2013,respectively,in 2013 and 2011 in the Water quality evaluation,and V?inferior Vclass accounted for water quality as high as 6%,26.4%,12.6%and 7.8%respectively.The medium-sized and small rivers have the worst water quality,followed by lakes,reservoirs and main river.The main items exceeding the standards are ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),total phosphorus(TP)and permanganate index.(2)The surface water environment quality in hubei province is generally good,with nitrogen pollution as the main pollutant in the main river and reservoirs,and mixed pollution in tributaries and lakes.The Yangtze river and hanjiang river and reservoir water quality is good,give priority to with single nitrogen pollution,water quality classification assessment after removal of total nitrogen(TN)are ? and ?class the following,the qualified rate is 100%;Tributary of the Yangtze river and hanjiang river and lake water quality is poorer,belongs to the total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),biochemical oxygen demand(BOD)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)mixed type of pollution,water quality classification assessment for ? after removal of total nitrogen(TN)and ? class the following qualified rate was 72.4%,83.0%and 67.1%,respectively.The water quality of different surface water bodies in hubei province is as follows:the main stream of the hanjiang river>thereservoir>the main stream of the Yangtze river>the tributary of the hanjiang river>the tributary ofthe Yangtze river>the lake.(3)the surface water pollution in hubei province has strong spatial and temporal variability,the surface water environmental indicators evaluation results showed that jingmen,jingzhou,qianjiang,xiantao,xiaogan,huangshi,huanggang,tianmen,ezhou and wuhan and the administer county(district),the water quality was poorer,and comprehensive water quality evaluation for ? class and below,the surface water pollution was serious;With nitrogen and phosphorus pollution is the most serious,inferior to ? class the proportion of water was high.The overall water quality in the seasons is as follows:the autumn>the summer>the spring>the winter.The spatial water quality is as follows:>in western hubei province,>in northern hubei province>in eastern hubei province>in central hubei province.(4)The results of quantitative analysis of pollutants in the surface water of hubei province by the inventory analysis method show that the runoff emissions of three pollutants,namely,total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)have strong spatial distribution characteristics in hubei province.The areas with higher pollutant discharge than average are Wuhan,Enshi,Huanggang,Jingzhou,Jingmen,Xiaogan,Ezhou,Yichang and Xiangyang and Low-value area was Shennongjia forest and Tianmen.(5)Taking total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)emissions as indicators,hubei province was divided into industrial pollution types,livestock and poultry breeding pollution types and industrial and livestock and poultry breeding combined pollution types.Wuhan,Xiantao and Xiaogan city belong to single industry total phosphorus pollution.Ezhou,Enshi,Huangshi,Jingmen,Jingzhou,Shiyan,Suizhou,Xianning and Tianmen are all polluted by single total phosphorus in livestock and poultry breeding.Yichang and Xiaogan are the combined total phosphorus pollutions of industry and livestock breeding.Wuhan,Huanggang,Qianjiang,Xiantao and Xiaogan belong to total nitrogen pollution.Ezhou,Enshi,Jingmen,Jingzhou,Shiyan,Suizhou,Xianning,Yichang and Tianmen are pollutions of total nitrogen in livestock and poultry breeding.Huangshi,Shennongjia forest region and Xiangyang city were polluted by combined total nitrogen from industry and livestock breeding.Wuhan,Huanggang,Huangshi,Qianjiang,Shennongjia forest,Xiaogan,Xiantao,Yichang and Xiangyang are polluted by industrial chemical oxygen demand.Ezhou,Enshi,Jingmen,Jingzhou,Shiyan,Suizhou,Xianning city for livestock and poultry chemical oxygen demand pollution. |
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