Research On Dynamic Characteristics Of ADI CNC Lathe

Machinery manufacturing industry is an important pillar industry in China's national economy,china is changing from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power at this stage.As the key technology of machinery manufacturing industry,CNC machine tool technology is an important driving force to promote the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.With the improvement of industrial production efficiency and product accuracy requirements,CNC machine tools are required to have higher accuracy and stability.It is urgent to study the dynamic characteristics of machine tools.In this paper,ADI CNC lathe is taken as the research object,and the dynamic characteristics of the lathe and its main components are analyzed and the structure optimization is improved.Firstly,the three-dimensional solid model of the lathe is established according to the design scheme of ADI CNC lathe.The static and modal analysis of the lathe bed,tailstock,spindle box,tool carrier,carriage and the whole machine are carried out by using the finite element software ANSYS.According to the analysis results,the weak links of the original design scheme are found out,and the structure of the original machine tool is optimized and improved based on this.As an important support member of CNC lathe,the finite element analysis showsthat the low-order modes of the lathe have local vibration modes,and the overall dynamic stiffness of the lathe needs to be further improved.On the premise of not increasing the quality of the lathe,this paper puts forward the structural optimization scheme of adding reinforcement ribs and filling the weak parts of the bottom of the lathe in the interior and upper rail areas of the lathe.Tailstock body is one of the moving parts of lathe.Aiming at lightweight,the maximum stress of the structure in the original design is far less than the limit stress of the material.On the premise of excess design allowance,the lightweight improvement scheme is put forward for the tailstock of lathe from two aspects of using new lightweight material and structural topology optimization.According to the original design scheme,the first-order natural frequency of the CNC lathe is within the range of the rotary frequency of the lathe spindle.Therefore,the first-order natural frequency of the whole machine and the rotation frequency of the main shaft will resonate,which will intensify the vibration of the lathe and reduce its processing quality and precision.The first-order natural frequency of the CNC lathe after the structural optimization is improved exceeds the maximum rotation frequencyof the spindle,which realizes the frequency separation and avoids the resonance phenomenon.By analyzing the dynamic characteristics and optimizing the structure of CNC lathe,the structural rigidity of the machine tool is improved,the natural frequency of the structure is increased,and the natural frequency between the main components of the lathe and the frequency between the natural frequency of the whole machine and the spindle rotation frequency are separated,and the dynamic performance of the original ADI CNC lathe is improved.