Research On The Antibiofouling Performance Of Copper Alginate Hydrogel And The Application Of Antibiofouling

Any surface immersed in aquatic systems are nearly immedeately coated by the attachment of proteins,ions or aquatic organisms.This effect is called fouling and in case of organisms biofouling.Due to fouling increasing the hydrodynamic drag and affecting functionality of these surfaces,the economic loss caused by biofouling cannot be ignored.The types of fouling organisms are depending on the salinity and temperature of the water.There is not only fouling but also pollution in China's water bodies,which can be divided into four types,according to the type of water body.One is the pollution of marine organisms,the other is the freshwater biological pollution in rivers and lakes,the third is the biofouling in the heavy metal polluted water,and the fourth is the urban water supply system.Adhesion and clogging of algae in heavy algae water to water treatment pipelines.Although the copper-based biocide as a substitute achieves broad-spectrum inhibition of biofouling,it is difficult to achieve sustained release and the heavy metal copper ion caused by the water body has caused concern of the environmental protection department.The hydrogel preparation process is complicated,low surface energy and difficult to attach to the surface of the object,which limits the application.Therefore,hydrogels that can attach to the surface of objects or copper-based biocides with high efficiency,low toxicity and sustained release have become the focus of research.In view of the above problems,this thesis aims to prepare copper alginate micro-nano hydrogel particles by low-cost and simple process,and then fix the copper alginate hydrogel particles on the surface of the glass sheet by layer-by-layer self-assembly.The hydrogel fouling inhibition of natural alginates by divalent calcium and copper ions should allow for different biofouling properties.Copper ions should allow for chemical killing of biofoulants.CoMPared with the traditional mechanical doping methods,hydrogel coated copper oxide should allow for copper ion release.This is due to the copper alginate experiencing over time a dissociation of the copper oxygen coordination bond,so the copper ion releases in a sustained fashion.The experimental results show that the copper alginate hydrogel has good underwater oleophobic performance,fouling inhibition performance and fouling desorption performance.The mechanical properties of the calcium-doped copper alginate hydrogel vary with the copper to calcium ratio.Copper ion release rate is significantly different depending on the calcium-to-copper ratio.The same copper-to-calcium ratio hydrogel has a large release rate of copper ions in different salinities of 33.18 g(artificial seawater),0.14 g(heavy metal contaminated water),0.07 g(freshwater),and 0.00 g(urban water supply system).Copper alginate hydrogels have a significant adsorption effect on heavy metal ions like cadmium.The copper alginate hydrogel reached a increasing concentration of released copper ions up to of 21 days in a fixed volume of artificial seawater.Copper ions release allowed for a steady concentration in solution even after 200 days(maximum tested time period)whereby the released mass accounted for only 23% of the total weight of copper ions in the copper alginate hydrogel.The copper alginate hydrogel has a certain range of chemical biocidal ability.Every copper-calcium ratio copper alginate hydrogel can play a killing effect on the urban water supply system.Copper-calcium ratio 5:0 alginate copper hydrogel can play a killing effect on freshwater algae.For marine attached organisms,due to the limitation of salinity on the release of copper ions from the copper alginate hydrogel,there is no chemical killing force,and the antifouling mechanism is to block the biofilm.In summary,the copper alginate hydrogels have a good underwater oleophobic ability,copper ion sustained release ability,fouling inhibition and fouling desorption ability,and long service life.The micro-nano alginate hydrogel particles realize the attachment of hydrogel on the surface of the object through layer-by-layer self-assembly,which lays a foundation for the application of hydrogel in the field of antifouling.Copper alginate hydrogels with different copper-to-calcium ratios have significant differences in copper ion release rates in different salinity waters.In order to achieve antifouling of biological species in different salinity for different water bodies,a hydrogel with corresponding antifouling ability is only achieved,if the correct calcium to copper mixture is chosen.