| Being one of the most popular atmospheric pollutants,PM2.5?atmospheric fine particulate matter?is extremely toxic due to the adsorption of a lot of toxic substances.Particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?PAHs?and its derivatives,representative persistent organic compounds in atmospheric environment were highly carcinogenic.Even so,the study of PAHs derivatives has not been widely done due to its low concentration in atmospheric environment,complex mechanism of transport and transformation,and detection techniques.As a typical industrial base located in a cold and remote area in northeast China,Harbin that is located in a cold and remote area with complex pollution sources has relatively serious air pollution problem in recent years.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the PAHs and its derivatives in particulate matter in Harbin.In this study,a total of 82 samples of atmospheric fine particles were collected in Harbin region during 2017-2018.The qualitative and quantitative analysis methods for 16 NPAHs using GC-MS and 16 NPAHs using GC-MS/MS were established.Based on the monitoring data of fine particles matter,PAHs and NPAHs,the concentration,combustion and temporal variation were analyzed.The results showed that the average concentration of fine particulate matter in Harbin was 141 ug/m3±108 ug/m3.There were significant differences in the concentrations of fine particulate matter between the heating period?167±120ug/m3?and the non-heating period?102±72.7 ug/m3?.The average PAHs concentration was 86.9±114 ng/m3,and the PAHs concentration in the heating period was 10.2 times higher than that in the non-heating period.The average concentration of NPAHs was 5470±14600 pg/m3 and decreasing successively in autumn,winter,spring and summer.The concentration of NPAHs in heating and non-heating periods was related to meteorological factors,especially the transport of pollutants in non-heating periods had an important influence on the NPAHs level.For the research on the pollution sources of fine particulate matter and PAHs NPAHs in fine particulate matter in Harbin,this study analyzed the pollution sources of target compounds by positive matrix factorization?PMF?and diagnostic ratios.The distribution characteristics of pollution sources were studied by combining the backward trajectory model?HYSPLIT?and potential source contribution function model?PSCF?.The results indicated that air of Harbin region was affected by mixing source,for engine emissions was a main source in both heating and non-heating periods,while main source in the heating period was straw burning and coal combustion for heating.The results of pollutant source distribution showed that the atmosphere ambient in the study area was mainly affected by the northwest regions.Pollution sources of target pollutants were mainly distributed in the central part of Heilongjiang province and its border areas with Russia,Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.Based on the non-carcinogenic risk?HQ?,incremental lifetime cancer risk?ILCR?and life expectancy loss?LL?,the exposure risk of PAHs and NPAHs in the atmospheric fine particulate matter were evaluated.The results showed that the HQ of PAHs in spring,autumn and winter would produce significant health risks to human body.Dermal and ingestion exposure were the main exposure pathways.LL for adult was the highest in winter with the main contribution from PAHs. |
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