The Addition Of Elements In Ag-doped Glass Frit And Their Usage In Silicon Solar Cells

China is a country with a strong photovoltaic industry and a large photovoltaic market.Glass frit is one of the most important materials of solar cells production.As an ingredient of Ag paste,it can build a good Ohmic contact between Ag grids and Si emitter,which results in a high power conversion efficiency?PCE?.This technique is still dominated by foreign companies.So it is very urgent for us to develop a glass frit with independent intelligent property right and low price.To solve this problem,we try to add some new elements to make some new glass frit which can be used in Ag paste based on our Ag ion doped?Ag-doped?glass frit.By testing glass frit and solar cells,we try to find the relationship between properties of glass frit and properties of solar cells.We also want to find some new methods to measuring glass frit and silicon solar cell.Among our solar cells samples,the samples using rare earth doped glass frit,especially La and Sm doped glasses show decent conversion efficiency of about 18%.Besides some common measurement,we successfully gained Raman spectra of glass frit in this work.After baseline correction and peak fitting of Raman spectra,we calculated N_Te-O of glass frit and found the relationship between NTe-O and PCE of solar cells.We also come up with some assumptions of the correlation.We also find a new method to prepare solar cell samples for further test.In this method,iodine solution was used to etch silver in the Ag grids without damaging glass layer.After removing the grids,we found some large holes of removed silver and small holes of nitrogen generated in sintering progress.The higher PCE solar cell has,the more holes we can find on the glass layer.But the difference of numbers of holes only shows up when the difference of PCE is large.The solar cell samples made by our rare earth doped glass frit have similar numbers of holes.