| In this paper,20 Zanthoxylum armatum DC.seed sanmple from two different harvest periods were used as raw materials to study the changes of 1000 grain weight,pure kernel rate,content of water and volatiles,content of crude ash,protein content,crude fat and fatty acid,and the process of pressing oil from Zanthoxylum armatum DC.and the process of degumming,deacidification and decolorization of the extracted oil.The main contents and conclusions are as follows:1.The 1000 grain weight,pure kernel rate,moisture and volatiles,ash,crude protein,crude fat content and fatty acid composition of two different producing areas(Santai county in Mianyang city and Fengming town in Ya'an city)and harvest time were compared.In the 20 batches of two producing areas of different harvest periods,the pure kernel rate of Zanthoxylum armatum in two producing areas continued to increase during the harvest period.In addition,the content of water and volatiles in the samples of the two habitats increased first and then decreased.As for the ash content,the ash content in the two producing samples increased with the growth period,and the ash content of Santai county in Mianyang city tended to reach 6.65% in July,while the Fengming town in Ya'an city singing samples were in August 15 th.It tends to reach 6.59%;and the 1000 grain weight and fat of the Santai county in Mianyang city pepper seed rose continuously during the harvest period,among which the 1000 grain weight reached 18.2g in mid September,the crude fat content reached 27.11%,and continued to increase,while the1000 grain weight and the crude fat content of Fengming town in Ya'an city singing samples reached August.The maximum weight of the 1000 grain weight reached the highest value of 22.306 g at the beginning of August,and then the weight was basically stable no longer.After the crude fat content reached 22.65% at the beginning of September,the growth rate slowed down and tended to be stable.The content of monounsaturated fatty acids in the oil extracted from two producing samples increased first and then decreased with the growth period.The highest content of the Zanthoxylum armatum DC.seed sanmple in Santai county of Mianyang city was from July 1st to July21 st,the relative content was over 80%,and the samples of Fengming town in Ya'an citywere contained.The maximum amount was in July,the relative content was in63.42%-74.99%;the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oil extracted from the two producing samples were also descended first,and the lowest samples in Santai county of Mianyang city were the samples in July 1st,the relative content was 16.07%,and the lowest in the samples of Fengming town in Ya'an city was July.The relative content of the11 day samples was 22.28%.In general,the relative content of unsaturated fatty acids increased with the extension of the harvest period,the highest in Santai county of Mianyang city was 99.34% in July 21 st,and the samples of the Feng Ming township of Ya'an City reached the highest in the late 7 months of.2.The orthogonal experiment of three factors and three levels was designed for the three factors,the temperature of the fried seed,the time of the fried seed and the temperature of the press.The optimization results were as follows: the temperature of the fried seed was 65?,the time of the fried seed was 25 min,and the pressing temperature was 100?.Under these conditions,the residual oil rate of cake obtained from Zanthoxylum armatum DC seed was lowest(2.77%),peroxide value was also low,but the effect on acid value was not obvious.However,the oil obtained by squeezing is more impurities,and the content of phospholipid and wax is high.Further refinement is needed to reach the national standard of edible oil.3.The effect of phosphoric acid addition,water amount,degumming temperature and reaction time on the degumming rate of Zanthoxylum armatum DC oil was studied.The results showed that the addition of phosphoric acid was 0.3%,the amount of water was 4% ~ 6%,the degumming temperature was about 30?,and the reaction time was 30 min,the degumming effect was better.According to the above experimental results,the orthogonal experiment was carried out on the four factors of phosphoric acid addition,water quantity,degumming temperature and reaction time.The optimum parameters of degumming process were as follows: the amount of phosphoric acid was 0.25%,the amount of water was 5%,the degumming temperature was 40?,and the degumming time was 20 min.Under the degumming condition,the degumming effect is the best.4.The effect of super alkali content,sodium hydroxide concentration,reaction temperature and reaction time on the deacidification effect of Zanthoxylum armatum DCseed oil was studied.The experimental results showed that the conditions of good deacidification were 0.15%,10%,70?,and 30 min,and the amount of super alkali and hydrogen.Orthogonal experiment was designed for the design of sodium oxide concentration,reaction time and temperature.The optimized deacidification process obtained by orthogonal test was 80? deacidification temperature,10% sodium hydroxide,0.15% super alkali and 30 min deacidification.5.The effect of the proportion of mixed decolorant,the amount of decolorizing agent,decolorizing time and decolorization temperature on the decolorization effect of the seed oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC seed was studied by single factor test.The results showed that the decolorization effect of mixed decolorant was the best,the proportion of decolorant was 1:10,the total use of decolourant was 4%,and the best decolorization temperature was 100?,The decolorization is the best when the decolorization time is 20 min.According to the orthogonal test of 4 factors and 3 levels of mixed decolorizing agent,decolorizing agent,decolorization temperature and time,the optimum combination of decolorizing process parameters is as follows: the proportion of decolorizing agent is1:8,the dosage of decolorizing agent is 5%,decolorizing temperature is 100?,and decolorizing is 20 min.Under this additive,the decolorization effect is good and the decolorization rate is the highest. |
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