Study On Decision-making Deviation Mechanism Of Unsafe Behavior Of Construction Workers From The Perspective Of Motivation Conflict

In recent years,science and technology are progressing and management means are improving.However,the incidence of construction safety accidents is still high.Front-line construction workers are the main producers and direct victims of construction safety accidents.Relevant studies show that Chinese construction workers are different from other professional groups and foreign construction workers in their special features: most of them come from remote mountain areas or rural areas,have low educational level,have high group closure,strong occupational mobility,low occupational pursuit and safety literacy,strong willingness to improve living standards,and generally low level of safety awareness.These characteristics make the construction workers produce a series of motivations such as gaining profits,saving physical strength,releasing emotions and realizing self-realization in the construction process.Due to the low level of risk awareness,lack of risk fear and the influence of external environment,it is difficult for construction workers to rationally deal with the contradiction and conflict between safety behavior motivation and unsafe behavior motivation,and make wrong decisions in the process of behavior decision-making,which ultimately leads to unsafe behavior.For this reason,this study combines theoretical analysis with practical investigation to explore and analyze the relationship between unsafe behavior motivation conflict and decision-making bias mechanism of construction workers.Firstly,based on the grounded theory,35 front-line construction workers and managers were interviewed semi-structurally.The original data collected were coded openly,principal axis and selectively.The types of unsafe behavior motivation that construction workers may have in the construction process were sorted out and summarized,and the accompanying state of unsafe behavior of construction workers was produced.On this basis,the conflict relationship between workers' safety behavior motivation and unsafe behavior motivation under different risk perception States is revealed.Secondly,based on the above results of motivation conflict,through the prospect theory,this paper constructs a behavior decision-making model of construction workers,and analyses the influence of income reference point,income(loss)sensitivity,risk attitude,punishment intensity and other factors on the behavior decision-making ofconstruction workers,and reveals the mechanism of unsafe behavior decision-making bias of construction workers from the perspective of motivation conflict.Finally,according to the conflict relationship of workers' unsafe behavior motivation and the mechanism of decision-making deviation,the intervention strategies to reduce the unsafe behavior motivation and correct the decision-making deviation of unsafe behavior are put forward.The results show that:1)The construction workers in China generally have the needs of ensuring safety,saving physical strength,fulfilling instructions,affirming themselves,improving efficiency,satisfying extreme psychology,increasing income,expressing themselves and assuming responsibility.The interaction of these needs,together with the influence of external Kazakhstan environment,promotes the emergence of workers' motives for safe and unsafe behavior.The motives for unsafe behavior mainly include: Save physical motivation,fulfill duty motivation,increase income motivation and self-actualization motivation.2)In the risk perception mechanism of construction workers,based on the difference of risk perception level and risk fear,the risk perception states accompanied by the conflict of motives of construction workers are divided into four categories: the state of knowing and fearing,the state of knowing and fearing,the state of ignoring and fearing and the state of ignoring and fearing.Among them,the conflict between the motivation of safe behavior and the motivation of unsafe behavior is the strongest in the state of "knowing and fearing",and there is no obvious conflict relationship in the state of "ignorance and fearlessness".3)The construction workers' income reference point,income(loss)sensitivity coefficient,risk attitude coefficient and punishment intensity have significant influence on the workers' unsafe behavior decision-making.The lower the reference point is,the greater the sensitivity coefficient of return(loss),the greater the risk preference coefficient and the less the punishment intensity are,the more prominent the motivation of construction workers to obtain profits is,and the more likely the workers are to obtain profits through risky and illegal operations in the process of behavior decision-making.4)Construction workers are prone to overconfidence and loss aversion decision-making bias under the state of "knowing and fearing";representative decision-making bias under the state of "knowing and fearing";conservative decision-making bias under the state of "knowingand fearing";overconfidence and conservative decision-making bias under the state of "knowing and fearing".5)Through the implementation of people-oriented safety management system,restraining the violation of instructions,increasing rewards and punishments for workers' behavior safety,optimizing the promotion and recognition mechanism of workers,enhancing the warning role of accident cases,strengthening construction safety education,actively promoting the behavior safety reward and punishment mechanism,and creating a good construction safety atmosphere,the safety of construction workers can be effectively guided.Behavior motivation,reduce unsafe behavior decision-making bias.