Quality And Functional Compounds Of Satsuma Mandarin And Several Late-maturing Citrus In China

China is the largest producer and consumer of citrus in the world,with the highest yield and planting area in the world.Wenzhoumigan is the leading variety in China's citrus industry,especially xingjin,which is the most typical one.Late ripening citrus includes late ripening tangerines and oranges,which come to market in January to may every year.It is a key citrus variety that is being developed in China.Early ripening wenzhou tangerines and late ripening citrus are vigorously developed,which plays an important role in adjusting the planting structure of citrus and realizing the annual supply of fresh fruit.Citrus is rich in sugar,acid,vitamin C,dietary fiber,pectin,amino acids,minerals and other nutrients,but also contains phenolic acid,flavonoids,carotenoids,alkaloids and other functional components,with important physiological functions.In order to further build a database of nutritional functional ingredients and application platform based on the demand of China's citrus industry,improve the quality of citrus products.In this paper,the contents of major quality components(VC,minerals elements,soluble solids,titratable acidity,free form amino acids)and functional components(flavonoids,phenolic acids,carotenoids and synephrine)of 22 different satsuma mandarin varieties,xingjin wenzhoumigan and late-maturing citrus in different producing areas,to establish database of quality and functional component,and provide the scientific basis and reference data for supplying side for citrus industry reform,breeding good strains,developmenting functional orange product,guiding production and consumption.The main study results were presented as follows:1.The basic qualities of 22 resource varieties of wenzhou mandarin,8 xingjin,16 hybrid citrus and 12 orang in China were analyzed.The results showed that the fruit weight,juice yield,fruit shape index,soluble solids and titrable acid were smaller,and the fruit quality was stable.Soluble solid: orange>hybrid citrus>wenzhoumigan;edible rate: wenzhoumigan >orange>hybrid citrus.The titration acid of wenzhou mandarin orange fruit was smaller.The content of vitamin C in orange was higher than that in tangerine and honey orange.The single fruit seeds of different varieties of wenzhoumigan were different.2.Analysis of the main functional components of 22 resource varieties of wenzhou mandarin,8 xingjin,16 hybrid citrus and 12 orange were detected and analyzed.(1)Study on the content and distribution of 13 kinds of flavonoids: flavanones were the main components in wenzhou mandarin oranges,hesperidin content was the highest,followed by naringin,and no citron glycosides were detected.The flavonoids in citrus peel are about 5 times as much as those in the pulp and 20 times as much as those in the juice.The content of three kinds of polymethoxylated flavones in the peel is rich,and the order of the content is: nobiletin>hesperetin>sinensetin,the content of polymethoxylated flavones in the pulp and juice is low,and the order of the content in the variety is: hybrid citrus > orange > wenzhoumigan.(2)Study on the content and distribution of 7 kinds of phenolic acid: Ferulic acid was the main content in wenzhoumigan,late-maturing orange and hybrid citrus;and the content of ferulic acid in the juice of late-maturing orange and hybrid citrus was significantly higher than that of wenzhoumigan.The content of protocatechuic acid in the peel of wenzhoumigan was higher.The content of protocatechuic acid in the peel of Ikiriki Unshiu,Ooura Wase and other varieties was significantly higher than that of other varieties,which could be a good source of protocatechuic acid.(3)Study on the content and distribution of 5 kinds of carotenoids: the average content in descending order was ?-cryptoxanthin> zeaxanthin > lutein > ?-carotene> ?-carotene.The content of ?-cryptoxanthin in wenzhoumigan was higher than that in late-maturing orange and hybrid citrus.The carotenoids content of citrus juice is lower than that of pulp and peel.(4)Study on the content and distribution of synephrine: The content of synephrine in citrus of wenzhoumigan and hybrid citrus is higher than that of late-maturing orange.The content of synephrine in Tachima Wase Unshiu is up to 1052.34 mg/kg FW,which can be used as a good source of synephrine.(5)The comprehensive analysis found that: The content of PMFs was 565.87 mg/kg FW in the peel of wenzhoumigan in sichuan luzhou,which was significantly higher than that of other samples;the content of hesperetin in mercotte' peel was significantly higher than that in other varieties;the content of protocatechuic acid in the peel of NanKan No.20 was high,which could be used as the source of protocatechuic acid.