Experimental Study On Prevention And Control Of Dust By Straw-based Dust Suppressant

During the construction of the project,a large amount of construction materials such as ore powder,gravel,and fly ash are stored in the open air,and the excavation,transportation,and filling of earth and stone will cause a lot of construction dust,which will cause serious pollution and harm to the atmospheric environment,and often cause Obstruction of work and claims by relevant departments and local people.Dust suppressant is an important means to control construction dust,but at present,there are many problems,such as poor dust suppression effect,secondary pollution and so on.Therefore,the development of a green environmental protection,a wide range of dust suppressants is of great significance.In this paper,from the point of view of environmental protection,a dust suppressant for straw utilization was prepared,which integrates bonding,water absorption,water retention and wettability.The dust suppressant is based on a non-polluting,zero-emission plant straw extraction process.First,the extracted cellulose is subjected to a normal temperature alkalizing reaction and a warming etherification reaction to obtain the core raw material hydroxyethyl cellulose of the dust suppressant Secondly,the single factor test was carried out with the indexes of surface tension,water retention and water absorption.Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose(self-made in laboratory)was selected as water retaining agent,iso-tridecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether as surfactant and sodium polyacrylate as water absorbent from 9 kinds of functional raw materials.The dust suppressant is made up of core raw materials and three kinds of functional materials.Then use the viscosity,pH value,water loss rate,compressive strength,and penetration time as test indicators to perform the orthogonal test for determining the proportion of dust suppressant.and the test data were analyzed by range analysis,variance analysis and comprehensive balance analysis.The best ratio of dust suppressant is determined as follows:the mass concentration of hydroxyethyl cellulose is 0.3%;the mass concentration of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is 0.025%;the mass concentration of sodium polyacrylate is 0.05%;and the mass concentration of iso-tridecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is 0.35%.Finally,the properties and properties of the straw utilization type dust suppressant are studied,and it is obtained that the viscosity of the dust suppressant is 106.3 mpa/s;the PH value is 7.23;the surface tension is 49.29 mN/m;the solid content is 0.71%;the density is 1.030 g/cm~3,and it has good wind erosion resistance,rain erosion resistance and freeze-thaw resistance.At the same time,in order to verify the practical application effect of the dust suppressor,an engineering application study was carried out at the construction site of the Beijing-Harbin North Line Management Office of Hebei Expressway.The results showed that the average removal rate of PM2.5 within seven days after spraying the dust suppressant was 10.31%,and the average removal rate of PM10 was 14%,which has a good dust suppression effect.