Study On Dust-Suppressant Composite Including Absorbing-Water PAA

Dust pollution is one of the public nuisance in the world,it has great harm to humans and the environment,such as the high concentration dust can cause high incidence rate of silicosis,the strong stimulation of dust grain can cause some airway inflammation,such as tracheitis,rhinitis,pharyngitis and so on.In addition,the high concentration dust will reduce visibility,cause acid rain,and even corrode plants and machinery equipment,so it also has great impact on the environmental hygiene.Therefore,the dust prevention and control technologies have been brought to high attention,and its development level has been constantly improved.At present,the main methods of dust prevention are sprinkling water,the wind dust-controlling nets,covering,landscaping and chemical dust-suppressant,while chemical dust-suppressant is one of the most effective methods of dust prevention.Especially,the chemical dust-suppressants including superabsorbent have effective inhibition on the road dust.It can not only prevent the erosion of wind and rain,retain water and form a hard shell,but also has the function of hygroscopicity and humidity releasing according to the change of environmental humidity,thus to achieve the purpose of control or reduce the harm to humans and environment.This paper developed a PAA moisture-absorbing type chemical dust-suppressant composite which has low cost,easy operation,high dust suppression efficiency,good film-forming,and good hygroscopicity.On the basis of the selecting dust-suppressant materials,the optimal formula within the scope of experiment range is obtained through the method of orthogonal experiment design,and its application performance is systematically studied.Results have showed that the optimal formula consists of 0.15%mass fraction of water-absorbing resin PAA,5%mass fraction of 10%polyvinyl alcohol solution,0.1%mass fraction of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,and 0.25%mass fraction of emulsifier OP-10.The performance tests have also showed that its viscosity was 15.5mPa.s,the penetration time was 4.45min,the evaporation rate was 8.43%after 8 hours,and the spraying and film-forming performances were good,the optimal spraying amount was 4kg/m2.As can be seen from these basic performance test,this dust-suppressant was not corrosive to the plants,machinery and equipment,because its pH value is close to neutral.This chemical dust-suppressant composite can be sprayed by ordinary sprinkler because of its low viscosity.The application performance of the optimal formula was studied too.The viscosity decreased gradually as the temperature increased.The higher temperature is,the weaker the anti-evaporation ability is.This dust-suppressant has the good performance of hygroscopicity and the ability to release humidity under natural conditions(temperature:22?35?,humidity:40%?70%),and the more the spraying times are,the better the effect is.Its dust suppression time is about 1Od when sprayed at the first time,and it can reach above 20d at the second time.The optimal formula has a good ability to resist the cold condition and wind whether non-solidification or solidification,and it still has a complete surface after being frozen.As well,non-solidified sample has a better film-forming after being frozen,because it can form a stronger membrane.The suppressing efficiencies for PM2.5 and PM10 respectively are 91.30%and 88.89%after blowing 2h.Comparing with sprinkling water,they improve 53.65%and 39.46%,respectively.Different dust-suppressants have different permeability,and as the temperature rises,the penetration time of the chemical dust-suppressant decreases;the deeper the penetration depth is,the lower the penetration speed is,which has a great relationship with the viscosity.The economic and environmental benefits are also analyzed.The results have showed that the cost for spraying chemical dust-suppressant was much cheaper than that for sprinkling water for ten thousand square meters road.Sprinkling water has to cost 600.4 thousand yuan per year,while spraying chemical dust-suppressant only costs 300.4 thousand yuan per year.From the long-tern benefits analysis,spraying chemical dust-suppressant was equivalent to obtain the direct economic benefits of 748.2 thousand yuan per year.And spraying chemical dust-suppressant can effectively prevent the dust rising,which greatly improves the environment.Therefore it has proved that this dust-suppressant can be widely use and has great economic and environmental benefits.