Study On Properties Of Abalone Muscle And Thedesign Of Abalone Processing Factory

Abalone is very delicious and nutritious with high economic value.It has a good developing prospect,because it has become more and more popular with cousumers in rencent years.Therefore,the effects of seasonal variation on the composition and differences in physicochemical property of three parts of Nanri abalone muscle were inspected in this study.Based on the results,the effects of different drying treatments on quality of dried abalone were investigated and the factory which produced frozen steamed abalone and dried abalone was designed.Firstly,the proximate composition,amino acid composition and microstructure of live abalone in different months were determined.The results suggested that the moisture content of abalone was low in spring,but the contents of protein and carbohydrate were opposite.Comparing the SDS-PAGE and SEM of abalone in March,June and December,the protein of abalone muscle was mainly composed of myosin heavy chain,paramyosin and actin,while collagen bands were found in the abalone muscle in March and December,and their muscle tissue was more compact than that of abalone in June.Secondly,the proximate compositions including protein,carbohydrate and lipid,amino acid composition and protein components in the different parts of Nanri abalone muscle were investigated.And,their microstructure structure,secondary structure and thermal properties were determined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),respectively.The composition,muscle tissue and thermal properties of pui-,joint-and skirt-part in Nanri abalone muscle were investigated.The results showed that the moisture content gradually increased from pui-muscle to skirt-muscle,but the contents of protein,carbohydrate and lipid were decreased.The amino acid compositions of pui-muscle were similar to those of joint-muscle.However,the glycine,proline and hydroxyproline that are characteristic to collagen were richer in skirt-muscle than other parts of abalone muscle.Based on electrophoresis analysis,it was suggested that the protein of pui-and joint-muscle was mainly composed of myosin heavy chain,paramyosin and actin,while collagen bands with the molecular weight of around 150 kD were also found in the skirt muscle.However,the polysaccharides were combined with paramyosin and actin irrespective of abalone muscle parts.As indicated by SEM,the extent of compact fibril microstructure was gradually increased from pui-muscle to skirt-muscle.Amide III infrared band was not found in the FTIR of pui-and joint-abalone muscle,but was found in the skirt-muscle.Furthermore,one exothermic peak and three endothermic peaks of protein thermal transition were shown in the DSC thermograms of both pui-and joint-muscle,while only one endothermic peak of collagen in the skirt muscle.Then,the fresh abalone and steamed abalone were processed into dried abalone by freeze dry and freeze-hot air dry.Irrespective of heat pretreatment,the contents of protein and carbohydrate of dried abalone gradually decreased with the hot-air drying time increasing,as well as the extent of compact fibril microstructure and the contents of amio acid in rehydration solution were increased gradually,while the rehydration rate,water holding capacity and rate of protein loss of rehydration solution have no significantly difference.Compared with dried abalone prepared from live abalone,the contents of protein and carbohydrate were a trend of reduce,some protein banks disappeared,and the structure was more compact of dried abalone prepared from steamed abalone.As well as rehydration rate,hardness of rehydrated abalone and rate of protein loss in rehydration solution of dried abalone prepared from live abalone were lower,while water holding capacity and the contents of amio acid in rehydration solution were higher.Finally,the factory of annual output of 315 ton of frozen steamed abalone and 4.6 ton of dried abalone was designed,which consisted of processing workshop,office,dormitory,canteen,garage and waste disposal station based on the above results.The annual production cost(raw material,equipment,water,electricity and workers)is 80 million yuan and the sales sum is 113.62 million.In conclusion,the quality of abalone is better in spring all the year,which is fit to catch and edible.The composition,structure and thermal properties of pui-and joint-muscle were different with skirt-muscle.The vacuum freeze drying combined with hot air drying could improve the quality of dry abalone and drying efficiency.Steam-heating and drying method were also influenced on quality of dried abalone.The factory which produces frozen steamed abalone and dried abalone is preliminary designed based on these results,which could provide a reference for abalone processing.