Study On Land Use Change And Ecological Security Along The Yellow River In Henan Province

Land is an important natural resource and basic ecosystem element,which plays a decisive role in maintaining ecological security.The change of land use structure and mode will inevitably lead to the change of ecosystem,which in turn will affect the change of land use structure and mode.In 2019,ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin are listed as one of China’s major strategies.Henan Province,located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,is not only a major agricultural province in China,but also a province with a large population.With the rapid economic development along the Yellow River,the scale of construction land in the basin continues to expand,the cultivated land area is rapidly reduced,and the land development and utilization is continuously deepened and expanded,which to a certain extent has caused great pressure on the ecological security of the Yellow River Basin.Therefore,this study selects the Yellow River area of Henan Province as the research object,analyzes the impact of land use change on ecological security,aims to study scientific land resources rational use mode,optimize the layout of land use,explore the coordination mechanism of regional ecological protection and sustainable use of land resources,and provide the national major strategy for the implementation of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin Certain scientific reference.Based on RS and GIS technology,this paper uses Arc GIS10.3 and ENVI5.2 software to collect,process and analyze TM remote sensing images in 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2017 in the Yellow River area of Henan Province,so as to obtain land use sequence data.At the same time,combined with the statistical yearbook and economic survey data of eight cities in the Yellow River region of Henan Province from 2000 to 2017,the land use change and ecological security in the region in the past 18 years were studied by combining qualitative and quantitative analysis.The main contents are as follows: first,using single land use dynamic degree and comprehensive land use dynamic degree,comprehensive index of land use degree,land reclamation coefficient,land use transfer matrix,etc.to analyze the change of land use quantity,speed,degree,structure and type along the Yellow River in Henan Province,and on this basis to summarize and classify the spatial and temporal change characteristics of land use in this region Analysis.Second,using SPSS 21 software,through the factor analysis of principal component analysis,to explore the driving factors of land use change along the Yellow River in Henan Province.Finally,the paper analyzes the impact mechanism of land use change on the ecosystem in the Yellow River area of Henan Province,and uses the catastrophe theory and PSR model to establish the land ecological security evaluation index system,and evaluates and analyzes the land ecological security in the Yellow River area of Henan Province from the time and space dimensions.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The main types of land use in the yellow area of henan province are forest land,arable land and construction land.During the study period,the three areas accounted for over 89% of the total area of the study area.In the past 18 years,the overall change of land use is characterized by: the cultivated land area decreases greatly,the water area and the construction land increase gradually.Most of the reduced cultivated land area was transferred to construction land.Although a part of forest land and grassland were converted into cultivated land,the amount of new cultivated land was much less and the amount of cultivated land was transferred out.Zhengzhou and jiaozuo are the two cities with the most obvious land use change among the eight cities.(2)The most important driving factor of land use change along the Yellow River in Henan Province is population,followed by economic development level and industrialization.The increase of population density is bound to require more bearing space,so as to expand the demand for construction land.In the level of economic development,GDP and per capita GDP,GDP of agriculture,investment in fixed assets and retail sales of consumer goods have great influence on the proportion of agricultural land and construction land.In addition,although Henan Province is a large agricultural province,the total industrial output value of the research area is far higher than the total agricultural output value.The rapid promotion of industrialization makes the demand for industrial land and transportation land continue to increase,and the scale of construction land continues to expand.(3)The impact of land use change on the ecosystem in the Yellow River region is generally worsening.Within five study periods,the role of ecological improvement in the Yellow River region of Henan Province lagged behind the role of deterioration,mainly because of the types of land used to improve the level of regional ecological security: forest land,grassland and water area land were squeezed and occupied by the expanding construction land,resulting in the deterioration trend of the ecosystem.(4)The ecological security level of land along the Yellow River in Henan Province showed a trend of first up and then down,that is,the cities approached from unsafe level to extremely safe level at the beginning of the study period,and most of them fell back to safe level at the end of the study period.The cities with unstable ecological security level are mainly distributed in the middle of the study area,and there are obvious differences among different cities in different periods.The safety level of Zhengzhou and Jiaozuo is different in each research period,the main reason is related to the local population,economy and pillar industries.