Research And Design On Four-Axis CNC System Based On STM32 Single-Chip Microcomputer

In recent years,the research and development of numerical control systems in China has been comprehensively improved.However,due to foreign restrictions on technology and the late start in China,there is still a certain gap compared with developed countries,and economical numerical control systems are in terms of interpolation types and interpolation accuracy.There are also certain shortcomings that cannot meet the processing of some finer Artifacts.According to the above problems,this paper will use the principle of differential interpolation to research and design the four-axis CNC system.The main research contents are as follows:The overall planning of the software and hardware of the numerical control system is adopted,and the upper and lower computer control methods of "PC + STM32 single chip microcomputer" are adopted.The hardware interface circuit based on the STM32 single chip microcomputer and the reconfigurable system located on the upper computer are designed.And overall planning and design of each software module of the entire system.The gradual comparison method interpolation,digital integration method interpolation and differential interpolation analysis and comparison are performed to determine that the interpolation module program of the numerical control system is written based on the principle of differential interpolation to complete the direct interpolation of positive higher-order curves with separable variables.Interpolation,and realize that the numerical control system expands from planar linear interpolation to spatial multidimensional linear interpolation.Based on the principle of differential interpolation,the speed forward control method is used.By planning the speed on the path and predicting the speed at the trajectory junction,the acceleration and deceleration control is performed in advance,and the forward speed is established by establishing a forward look mathematical model Specific analysis of the changes,to achieve efficient and accurate speed control.In order to better realize the research and design of the four-axis CNC system based on the principle of differential interpolation,in the early stage of the experimental research,research and design the conic curve interpolation CNC system,and set up an experimental platform on a three-axis teaching CNC machine.Direct interpolation of conic curves and three-axis engraving are performed on the platform.In the later period,the existing three-axis teaching CNC machine was transformed,and a four-axis CNC system experimental platform was built.On this CNC experimental platform,the engraving of the cubic curve and the fourth axis was completed.This subject develops and designs a four-axis CNC system based on the STM32 single-chip microcomputer and the principle of differential interpolation.The main functional modules such as decoding and simulation are developed on a PC.Develop functional modules with high real-time requirements such as interpolation and speed control on STM32.Finally,a numerical control system experimental platform was set up and a machining test experiment was performed.The experiments show that the execution of various commands of the numerical control system is fast and accurate,and the machining accuracy is greatly improved compared with the linear interpolation fitting of traditional numerical control systems,which meets the design requirements.