| Wine in moderation is beneficial to health,but excessive drinking may easily cause liver damage,coma and death.According to the statistics of world health organization,about 3.3 million people worldwide die from alcoholism annually.Among them,the situation of China is the most severe,with a drinking rate of 48%.Alcohol abuse has become one of the focus issues in today’s society.Therefore,the development of effective anti-alcoholic and liver protective drugs and health products have attracted widespread attention in medicine and food industries.This article used Rosa roxburghii Tratt(R.roxburghii)as the main raw material to develop products for hangover and liver protection.The main research results are as follows:(1)Study on the anti-alcoholic effect of the raw materials: To study the anti-alcoholic effect of different doses R.roxburghii raw juice in acute alcoholism(AAI)rats.The results indicated that R.roxburghii reduced alcohol concentration in blood(BAC)by increasing the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH).It is suggested that R.roxburghii has a certain anti-alcoholic effect,and there is a dose-effect relationship.In terms of comprehensive cost and efficacy,medium-dose juice was selected to develop R.roxburghii anti-alcoholic oral liquid.Moreover,five kinds of medicinal and edible homologous substances with anti-alcoholic effect were selected as compounding materials for the preparation of oral liquid,which were Pueraria Lobata,Hovenia dulcis Thunb,Moringa Seed,honey,and white bean,respectively.The compounding materials with the strongest anti-alcoholic effect were screened by the determination of BAC,ADH and ALDH.The results showed that honey and Moringa Seed had the best anti-alcoholic effect,followed by Hovenia dulcis Thunb,and then Pueraria Lobata and white bean.The BAC of honey and Moringa Seed decreased to 216.44 and 219.05 mg/d L,respectively(P < 0.01).The activities of ADH increased by 32.22 and 24.82%,respectively(P < 0.01).The activities of ALDH increased by 35.01 and 30.89%,respectively(P < 0.01).Therefore,honey and Moringa Seed were selected as the raw materials for the preparation of oral liquid.(2)The formula design and optimization of R.roxburghii anti-alcoholic oral liquid: Taking R.roxburghii,Moringa Seed,and honey as raw material,D-optimal mixture design was used to obtain the best raw material formula,the results showed that the best formula was 86% of R.roxburghii,and 14% of honey.In this condition,BAC,the activities of alcohol metabolic enzymes and transaminase reached 173.15 mg/d L,4487.55 U/m L and 71.02 U/m L,respectively,indicating that this formula had positively effects on anti-alcohol and liver protection.On this basis,the aroma and taste of oral liquid were optimized by orthogonal experiment.The optimal formula was obtained as follows: sugar 3%,citric acid 0.07%,and ethyl maltol 0.03%.The oral liquid developed according to this formula was sweet and sour,and no stratification and precipitation.(3)Quality evaluation and storage stability test of R.roxburghii anti-alcoholic oral liquid: The content of R.roxburghii anti-alcoholic oral liquid were determined: vitamin C 1706.55 mg/m L,polyphenols 272.49 g/m L,SOD 487.61 U/m L,polysaccharide 17.92 mg/m L,flavonoids 15.09 mg/m L.The contents of polyphenols and flavonoids were significantly higher than R.roxburghii juice.The total number of colonies,mold and escherichia coli all accorded with the national standards.Moreover,the experimental results showed that p H and soluble solids content of oral liquid remain unchanged when stored at 4 ℃,normal temperature and 37 ℃ for 60 days.But the centrifugal precipitation rate,browning index and sensory quality have great changes,especially in 37 ℃.Under the storage of liquid precipitation more,severe browning,and sensory score is low.However,the oral liquid stored at 4 ℃ was still sweet and refreshing on the 60 th day,with bright color and high sensory quality.The results showed that the oral liquid should not be stored in a high temperature environment,and stored at 4 ℃ was the best way to maintain its quality.(4)Evaluation of acute toxicity,anti-alcoholic,and hepatoprotection effects of R.roxburghii oral liquid: the acute toxicity experiment proved that R.roxburghii anti-alcoholic oral liquid is a safe and non-toxic product,which had no negative effect on the behavior,body weight,and organ index of rats.In addition,the anti-alcoholic effect of oral liquid was determined by the loss and recovery of righting reflex,BAC,and the activities of alcohol metabolism enzymes.The results indicated that the activities of ADH and ALDH were increased,and the BAC decreased during 30-120 min.Then,the time of righting reflex was prolonged,and the time of recovery righting reflex was reduced.These changes demonstrated that the R.roxburghii oral liquid had a certain antialcoholic effect.Moreover,the liver function indexes,oxidative stress and inflammatory response levels and histopathological examination of AAI rats were determined to evaluate the hepatoprotection effect of R.roxburghii oral liquid.The results showed that AAI can cause liver damage.However,oral liquid significantly reduced serum ALT,AST,and TG levels(P < 0.05),and improved the pathological changes of liver tissues.Moreover,oral liquid alleviated alcohol-induced oxidative stress damage by increasing the activities of SOD,GSH-Px,and CAT and the content of GSH(P < 0.05).Additionally,oral liquid inhibited the increase of tumor necrosis factor-α and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway(P < 0.05).These results showed that R.roxburghii anti-alcoholic oral liquid had obvious protective effect on acute ALD rats,and its mechanism might be related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. |
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