Research On The Perfection Of China's Marine Ecological Policy From The Perspective Of Policy Instruments

Since the reform and opening up,the rapid development of the industrial economy has brought huge economic dividends,but also caused the deterioration of the ecological environment and the shortage of natural resources.The ocean is rich in fossil energy,and future economic development depends on the development of the marine economy.The 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has proposed the strategy of "marine power" to improve the capacity of developing marine resources,develop marine economy,protect the marine ecological environment,and resolutely safeguard national marine rights and interests.The 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to adhere to the overall planning of land and sea and accelerate the construction of a maritime power.The deterioration of the marine ecological environment is hindering the development of the marine economy and is not conducive to building a marine power.Therefore,a large number of marine ecological policies came into being.This article collects and sorts out the policy texts for protecting the marine ecological environment issued by the country since the reform and opening up.Based on this,it sorts out the historical evolution,system composition,and time mission of China's marine ecological policy.Zegveld's classification method uses a text analysis method to set up a two-dimensional policy analysis framework starting from the basic policy tool X dimension and ecological governance Y dimension,and to quantitatively analyze the text of marine ecological policy at the national level in China.Studies show that China's current marine ecological policy system has certain shortcomings in the construction of policy tools: education and training in investment policy tools and capital investment tools are less reflected;tax incentives in environmental policy tools are absent and regulations have been reflected More;demand-based policy tools lack service outsourcing and trade control tools.Based on this research conclusion,corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.The main content of the paper is roughly:The first part is the definition of core concepts and elaboration of related theories.The core concepts of policy tools,marine ecology,and marine ecological policies are defined,and related theories of sustainable development and policy tools are described.The second part is the historical evolution,system composition and era mission of China's marine ecological policy.It reviews the historical evolution of China's marine ecological policy since the founding of the People's Republic of China,and analyzes the system composition and mission of the times of marine ecological policy.The third part is a textual analysis of policy tools.Through the establishment of a two-dimensional analysis framework,the vertical and horizontal frequency analysis of the policy tools of the marine ecological policy texts is carried out,and the problems existing in the application of the policy tools of marine ecological policies are obtained.The fourth part is the suggestions for improving China's marine ecological policy from the perspective of policy tools.According to the application of policy tools of marine ecological policy,application suggestions on supply-oriented,environmental-based and demand-based policy tools are put forward.Through text analysis of marine ecological policy,find out the government's preferences and problems for policy tools when formulating policies,and put forward relevant suggestions for optimizing the combination of policy tools,in order to provide references for relevant departments.