Research On The Synthsis And Performances Of Nitrogen-rich Energetic Ionic Salt

Four types of energetic ionic salts including oxalazide,tetrazine,triazolotetrazine,and quaternary nitrogen heterocycle were mainly studied.Eleven kinds of energetic compounds were synthesized,including oxalydihydrazinium nitrate?OHN?,oxalydihy drazinium dinitrate?OHDN?,oxalydihydrazinium of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one?OH-NTO?;3,6-dihydra-zine-1,2,4,5-tetrazine?DHT?,3,6-Dihydrazine-1,2,4,5-tetrazine nitrate?DHTN?and perchlorate?DHTP?;3-nitroguanidine-1,2,4-triazole[4,3-b]-s-tetrazine?NGTT?and N-gualnylurea salt of 3-nitroguanidino-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]-s-tetrazine?NGTT-M?;1,3-dinitro-3-azidoazetidine?DNAZ?and 3-tert-butyl-3-nitro-3-azidoazetidine nitrate?TNAH?.The structure of intermediates and products were characterized by was characterized by IR,¹H NMR,¹³C-NMR,¹⁵N-NMR and elemental analysis.The target compounds and key intermediates have been improved in synthetic technology,and the yields have been greatly improved.The single crystals of OHDN·2H₂O,DNAZ and TNAH were firstly obtained through slow volatilization.The crystal structures of the compounds were determined by x-ray singel crystal diffraction.The molecular formula of OHDN·2H₂O is C₂H₁₂N₆O₁₀,which belongs to the monoclinic system with the space group of P2?1?/n.The molecular formula of DNAZ is C₃H₄N₆O₄,which belongs to the monoclinic system,and the space group is P-1.The molecule of TNAH is C₇H₁₄N₆O₅,which belongs to the monoclinic system,and the space group is P2?1?/n.The DSC-TG/DTG methods were used to study the thermal properties of the compounds OHN,OHDN,DHTN,DHTP,NGTT,NGTT-M,DNAZ.It was found that the triazolotetrazine compounds have better thermal stability,and their decomposition temperatures all exceed 220?.Triazolotetrazine compounds can have heat-resistant explosives.In organic salt compounds containing acid radicals,ionic bonds have lower thermal stability than that compounds with covalent bonds.The thermal decomposition process first loses acid ions and then decomposes further.The Guassian program and the Kamlet-Jacobs equation were used to study the detonation performance of compounds OHN,OHDN,DHTN,DHTP,NGTT,NGTT-M,and DNAZ.The compound of OHDN has good performance?density of 1.945 g/cm³?,high energy?detonation velocity of 8594 m/s?,and low sensitivity?impact sensitivity of 7 J,friction sensitivity of 200 N?.The compound has high yield and cost low is expected to be used for elemental explosives.The compound DHTP has the same energy as DHT,which effectively improves the compatibility of DHT.However,the compound has high sensitivity and should be paid attention to safety during the synthesis process.The melting point of the compound DNAZ is 78?and the decomposition point is 190?.The detonation speed and explosion pressure are 8460 m/s and 331.73 kJ/mol respectively,and its performance is much better than that of TNT,which is expected to replace TNT as a new type of molten explosive.