Research On The Measurement Of Embodied Carbon And Its Influencing Factors In China And Countries Along "The Belt And Road" Trade

Global warming is one of the biggest environmental problems facing human beings at present,and the greenhouse gas emissions mainly based on₂ caused by human production activities are the main cause of global warming.The extensive and backward economic development methods and rapid economic growth of China and the countries along“the Belt and Road”have made the region's carbon emissions account for more than 40%of global carbon emissions,and they are increasing year by year.Therefore,measuring the carbon embodied in trade and analyzing the influencing factors of carbon emissions have certain reference value for the region to jointly build a green silk road and global carbon emission reduction.First,based on the input-output theory,this paper establishes three input-output?SRIO,BTIO,MRIO?models,and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the three models in measuring embodied carbon in trade.Secondly,this paper selects the current global multi-regional input-output database Eora that covers the country with the widest range,the fastest data update,and a more detailed industry division and uses the MRIO model to estimate the production-based and consumption-based carbon emissions of China and“the Belt and Road”regions from 1992 to 2014,and compares the differences in carbon emissions between the production-based and consumption-based of various industries in China and“the Belt and Road”regions.This paper analyzes the composition of production-based and consumption-based carbon emissions in China and“the Belt and Road”regions,and reveals the basic reality of carbon emissions transfer between China and“the Belt and Road”regions.Finally,this paper uses the MRIO-SDA model to measure and examine the factors influencing the growth of production-based and consumption-based carbon emissions in China and“the Belt and Road”regions.The study found that from 1992 to 2014,the carbon emissions on the consumption-based of China and“the Belt and Road”regions were more than 10%lower than their carbon emissions on the production-based?the highest was 17.99%?.At the same time,the production-based carbon emissions are mainly concentrated in several industries such as"electricity,gas and water supply",while the distribution of the consumption-based carbon emissions varies by industry in various regions.Further analysis of the production-based and consumption-based carbon emissions composition found that:China,Northeast Asia,Central Asia,and South Asia are“high external demand carbon emissions and low foreign carbon emissions”models,Southeast Asia,Central and Eastern Europe,and West Asia and North Africa have adopted the model of"high external demand carbon emissions and high foreign carbon emissions".The carbon emission transfer situation between China and“the Belt and Road”region shows:China's net exports to Southeast Asia have the most embodied carbon,followed by West Asia and North Africa,Central and Eastern Europe,and South Asia.China has been net importing small amounts of embodied carbon from Northeast and Central Asia.Finally,the main factors that promote the growth of production-based and consumption-based carbon emissions in China and“the Belt and Road”region are the scale effect of the final demand of the country?region?,the structural effect of the use of domestic intermediate products,and the export effect of intermediate products;and the main factor that inhibit its growth is the direct carbon emission effect of the production sectorIn the climate change negotiations,China and the countries along“the Belt and Road”should actively advocate the rights and interests of developing countries,and recommend the use of carbon emissions accounting systems that take into account the principles of production responsibility and consumption responsibility.Specific to carbon emission reduction work,on the one hand,it is necessary to combine the upstream and downstream industrial governance to fully tap the carbon emission reduction potential of the country.On the other hand,it is necessary to start from the main influencing factors of carbon emission growth and formulate more detailed and feasible carbon emission reduction programs.