Research On The Impact Of Environmental Regulations On The Employment Of Migrant Workers In Cities And Towns

In recent years,my country's environmental pollution has become more and more serious,and the quality of the ecological environment has gradually declined,which has sounded the alarm of environmental protection for our government and people.In fact,all countries in the world have conducted theoretical research and practical exploration on how to manage environmental problems.Scholars have found that environmental regulation can not only improve environmental quality,but also have an indirect impact on society's economy and employment,and form a series of chain reactions.Therefore,scholars not only study the impact of environmental regulation on environmental quality,but also study the impact of environmental regulation on society from other angles.In this paper,we choose the impact of environmental regulation on rural employment of migrant workers to explore.Due to the continuous advancement of science and technology,the productivity of agriculture has greatly improved compared to the past.Rural areas no longer need so much labor,and the surplus labor is gradually transferred to the urban non-agricultural sector.However,due to the low level of human capital in the rural labor force,most rural laborers are engaged in pollution-intensive industries such as manufacturing and extractive industries.And these industries are extremely vulnerable to the impact of environmental regulations and policies,leading to the instability of rural migrant workers' employment.The issue of employment of migrant workers in cities and towns has always been the focus of national attention.The Central Document No.1 of 2019 clearly stated that “the rural labor force shall be promoted to transfer employment and increase income through multiple channels”.This is the Central Document No.1 focusing on the “three rural issues” for 16 consecutive years.The government's work report in 2019 also emphasizes the importance of doing a good job in the employment of migrant workers and other key groups to ensure stability and expand employment.Therefore,under such a background,how to protect the urban employment of migrant workers while achieving pollution control is a question worth exploring.First,after summarizing the previous literature,it is found that almost no literature classifies environmental regulations,and then studies the differences in the impact of different types of environmental regulations on the employment of migrant workers.If only one environmental regulation index is selected to study the impact ofenvironmental regulation on rural employment of migrant workers,the results will inevitably be one-sided.According to the actual situation,this article divides environmental regulation into command control type and market incentive type environmental regulation,and explores the difference between the impact of the two types of environmental regulation on migrant workers' urban employment.This article starts with clarifying my country's environmental regulations and the current situation of migrant workers' urban employment.By analyzing the environmental regulation cases in Shangyu,Shaoxing,Zhejiang,it is proposed that environmental regulation will suppress migrant workers' urban employment through the effects of industrial change and technological innovation.Secondly,by constructing a systematic GMM model,the difference between the impact of two types of environmental regulations on urban employment of migrant workers is studied.From the empirical results,it is found that the two types of environmental regulations have different impacts on rural employment of migrant workers.In general,both the command-control and market-incentive environmental regulations have significantly inhibited the employment of migrant workers in urban areas.Compared with the market-incentive environmental regulations,the command-control-based environmental regulations have a stronger suppression effect.By region,compared to low-income areas,command-and-control environmental regulations have a greater impact on urban employment of migrant workers in high-income areas,and have significantly inhibited urban employment of migrant workers.Finally,through the above analysis,we can find that when choosing the type of regulation,you can not only choose one of the forms,you should pay attention to the coordination between multiple forms of regulation.When formulating environmental regulation policies in various regions of my country,the intensity of command-and-control environmental regulations should be controlled,and market mechanisms should be used more to reduce the impact on migrant workers' urban employment while achieving pollution control.In summary,this article makes policy recommendations based on the research results.Various measures should be taken to improve the level of migrant workers' human capital,to reasonably control the intensity of command-and-control environmental regulations,to emphasize the combined effects of regulatory policies,and to reform the household registration system.This article provides a theoretical basis for the formulation of environmental regulatory policies in various regions,hoping toachieve the win-win goal of improving environmental quality and the employment growth of migrant workers in cities and towns,and assisting the harmonious development of ecology,economy and people's livelihood.