Study On Land Use Landscape Pattern Change And Ecosystem Service Value Accounting In Guizhou Province

With the acceleration of economic development in Guizhou Province,the speeding up of the pace of urbanization,the demand for land resources has been increasing,resulting in more serious problems in land resources and environment.Meanwhile,the structure,function and layout of the landscape pattern have been greatly affected.The function and value of the fragile karst ecosystem services in Guizhou Province began to degenerate,which seriously affected the sustainable development of the economy and society.In order to achieve a stable,sustainable and efficient balanced development of human society and ecosystems,and to strengthen the value of ecosystem services,it needs to majorize and adjust the way of land use and landscape pattern,so as to enhance the stability and diversity between the land use landscape pattern and ecological system of Guizhou Province.Based on this,the paper takes Guizhou Province as the research object,and with the support of relevant theories such as geography,landscape ecology and Ecological economics,based on the remote sensing images and related economic and social data of Guizhou Province in 2000,2008,2013 and 2017,using ArcGIS and Fragstats4.2 software,through the establishment of related indicator system and models,analyzing the dynamic changes and spatial structure of land use and landscape pattern in Guizhou Province from 2000 to 2017.Meanwhile,using the ecosystem service value calculation model which applied to Guizhou Province to measure the value of ecosystem services in 2000,2008,2013,and 2017,and to analyze the characteristics of their spatial and temporal evolution.Then,with the support of SPSS software,using the correlation analysis method to analyze the correlation between the landscape pattern index and the ecosystem service value of Guizhou Province,and by modelling the comprehensive analysis model of“land landscape-ecosystem service-social economy”,to discuss and analyze the influence mechanism between landscape pattern and ecosystem service value.Finally,based on the research results,proposing related land use landscape pattern optimization strategies to solve the problems existing in the land use landscape pattern existing in Guizhou Province,which aimed at improving the value of ecosystem services.Through research,the following conclusions are drawn:?1?During the period of 2000-2017,the area of cultivated land and grassland in Guizhou Province showed a downward trend year by year,the area is reduced by147208.59hm²and 265650.39hm²respectively.The decline rate of cultivated land accelerated year by year,and the decline rate of grassland slowed down,the cultivated land and grassland area are mainly transferred to forest land and urban and rural areas,industrial and mining,and residential land.The landscape pattern of cultivated land is the worst,followed by grassland;the degree of fragmentation of cultivated land is the highest,and it is increasing year by year.The degree of landscape aggregation,degree of landscape shape and complexity are large,showing a serious sporadic distribution.The complexity of the shape of the grassland landscape began to increase year by year in 2008-2017,and the degree of connection with other patches was poor,but it improved year by year.The forest land is the largest land type in Guizhou Province that has largest area,proportion and the widest spatial distribution.However,during 2013-2017,the area and proportion of forest land began to decline,with an area of 46926hm²,which was mainly converted into cultivated land,grassland,water area and urban and rural areas,industrial and mining,residential land.The overall landscape state of forest land is better than grassland and cultivated land,but the complexity of landscape shape of forest land is increasing year by year,and the degree of connection between forest land and other patch types is poor,which is not conducive to the improvement of ecosystem service value.The area and proportion of urban and rural areas,industrial and mining,residential land and water area were both increasing year by year,and during the period of 2013-2017,urban and rural areas,industrial and mining,residential land growth rate is the fastest,with the largest increase,increase the area to127533.33hm².The increase in water area and urban and rural areas,industrial and mining,and residential land area mainly comes from the large area of forest land,grassland and cultivated land.The total number of patches?NP?and patches density?PD?in Guizhou Province increased year by year.Under the influence of human activities,the degree of landscape fragmentation was serious and the shape became complex and irregular.The degree of landscape aggregation began in 2008-2017,declining year by year.The degree of aggregation and extension of the landscape pattern has deteriorated,but the degree of connection has improved.The diversity of landscape has improved,but the uniformity of plaque is not balanced.The overall landscape is fragmented,complicated and diverse trend.?2?The value of ecosystem services in Guizhou Province in 2000,2008,2013and 2017 were:25743.19×10⁸ yuan,2605.499×10⁸ yuan,2617.732×10⁸ yuan and2611.950×10⁸ yuan respectively.The value of ecosystem services in 2000-2013 was the upward trend,the value increased by 43.413×10⁸ yuan.But showed a downward trend year by year in 2013-2017,the value dropped by 5.782×10⁸ yuan.Mainly due to the area and ESV of cultivated land,forest land and grassland decreased in2013-2017.Among them,the adjustment service and support service ESV contributed the most to the total value of ecosystem services,accounting for about73%.The reduction of cultivated land,forest land and grassland area led to the climate regulation and gas regulation ESV in support services,supply services and regulation services are decreasing year by year,and the reduction values are0.046×10¹⁰yuan,0.022×10¹⁰yuan,0.018×10¹⁰yuan and 0.021×10¹⁰yuan respectively.Due to the increase in water area and ESV,it has a greater impact on regulating services and cultural services,and the regulation services and cultural services have increased year by year in 2013-2017.The soil formation and conservation and biodiversity ESV in support services declined year by year in2013-2017,with reduction values of 0.029×10¹00 yuan and 0.017×10¹00 yuan,respectively.As people's demand for spiritual culture increases,the ecosystem culture service ESV is also increasing,showing an increasing trend year by year.?3?Through the analysis of the relationship between landscape pattern index and ecosystem service value,it is concluded that there is a strong correlation between the landscape pattern index of Guizhou Province and the ecosystem service value,the change of land use landscape pattern has an important impact on the diversity,stability and heterogeneity of ecosystems,which in turn affects the value of ecosystem services.Among them,there is a strong positive correlation with the area-weighted shape index,average patch area and aggregation degree at 0.01 level;there is a strong negative correlation with the interspersion and juxtaposition index at 0.01 level;there is no significant correlation between the number of patches and landscape shape index.The increase of the complexity of the landscape spatial pattern,the decline of the degree of landscape fragmentation and the enhancement of the degree of aggregation between patches are conducive to the enhancement of the value of ecosystem services;on the contrary,poor landscape dominance,high degree of diversity and scattered distribution between patches are not conducive to the improvement of ecosystem service value.?4?The research results show that there are a series of conflicts and problems in the process of land resource utilization and economic development in Guizhou Province.Based on the improvement of the value of ecosystem services in Guizhou Province,the paper puts forward some suggestions for optimizing the landscape pattern of land use in Guizhou Province.For example,divided the area of cultivated land,adjusted the structure of agricultural industry in Guizhou Province,appropriately increased the output value of agricultural planting and the added the value of agricultural cash crops to improve the ecosystem supply value.Introduce new technologies to develop and research forest products,and broaden the forest products market.For the forest tourism landscape,it is indispensable to vigorously protect and develop the characteristic forestland landscape industry.It is essential to take advantage of the water resources to build a water landscape system,stimulate economic development and improve the adjustment of ecosystem services and cultural service value.Strengthening and strictly controlling the development,utilization and management of land resources in urban construction and development;creating a city“corridor”system can not only enhance the aesthetics of the city,but also promote the intensive development of land resources,so that the landscape function can be fully utilized and significantly increase the value of ecosystem services.