Study On Breeding Ecology And Protection Demonstration Of Tyrototriton Kweichowensis In Rocky Desertification Comprehensive Control Area

Tylototriton kweichowensis is an endemic species in China and was listed in Grade ? of National protected wildlife.It has important guiding significance for environmental changes.At present,there are few researches on the field propagation ecology and habitat protection of Tylototriton kweichowensisin rocky desertification comprehensive control area.In order to find out the population dynamic characteristics,propagation ecology characteristics,environmental pollution status and habitat selection preference of Tylototriton kweichowensis,observation method,direct counting method and mark recapture method were used.From September 2018 to October 2019,using field observations were made on the habitats,populationnumber,morphological characteristics,and reproductive behavior of Tylototriton kweichowensis in rocky desertification comprehensive control area.in Salaxi,Bijie city,Guizhou Province.In May,August and October of the same year,the physical and chemical indexes and heavy metals in sediment of 7 distributed ponds and 2 control ponds in the demonstration area were measured.Water quality indexes include water temperature?WT?,pH,dissolved oxygen?DO?,total nitrogen?TN?,total phosphorus?TP?,ammonia nitrogen?NH₃-N?,Permanganate(COD_Mn),fluoride?F-?,copper?Cu?,Mercury?Hg?,lead?Pb?,chromium?Cr?,cadmium?Cd?,manganese?Mn?,zinc?Zn?and arsenic?As?;heavy metals in sediment include,copper?Cu?,lead?Pb?,chromium?Cr?,cadmium?Cd?,manganese?Mn?,zinc?Zn?.Using single factor evaluation method,Nemero comprehensive pollution index method and potential ecological risk index method to evaluate the habitat environment,using principal component analysis method to explore the habitat selection preference of Tylototriton kweichowensis.In order to reveal the survival status of Tylototriton kweichowensis in rocky desertification control area,and build ecological breeding ponds in the demonstration area,construct a systematic demonstration of the protection of Tylototriton kweichowensis population,and provide important theoretical basis for biodiversity protection in the area.The main conclusions are as follows:1.Firstly,the habitat distribution of Tylototriton kweichowensis is analyzed.The results show that: Tylototriton kweichowensis is mainly distributed in the north,northeast and middle of the demonstration area,and widely inhabited in mountain ponds,mountain springs,reservoirs,temporary water pools?ponds?and other waters.Secondly,based on the survey data,the population distribution,sex ratio and morphological characteristics of male and female salamanders were analyzed.The results showed that 997 adult,346 female,651 male and 460 larva of Tylototriton kweichowensis were recorded from April to July,among which the number of adult population was more in May and the number of larva was more in July The total sex ratio of male to female is 1.88,and the sex ratio shows the characteristics of male preference.The length,tail length and body weight of female are significantly higher than that of male.2.By analyzing the correlation between total length and weight,age group division and age group structure of Trototriton kweichowensis,the composition of age structure of Tylototriton kweichowensis population was discussed.The results showed that: There is a positive correlation between the total length and body weight of Tylototriton kweichowensis.The age group of the population is divided into five groups,and the number of individuals of the third age in each age group is large.By drawing the age cone diagram,we can know that the population of Tylototriton kweichowensis is a declining type.3.Based on the observation of the breeding period,Tylototriton kweichowensis went out after the thunderstorm on April 18.The breeding started on April 29,the latest was on August 8,the peak was from May to June;the time of female and male salamanders holding each other varied from a few minutes to 40 minutes;after holding each other,they began to excrete and receive sperm;the oviposition activity was 1-2 after receiving sperm The hatching rate of the eggs was 55%,the average hatching period was 8 days,and it took 130 days for the larvae to complete metamorphosis.4.Based on the analysis of the monitoring and evaluation of the habitat environment of Tylototriton kweichowensis.The results showed that the water quality of three sample points in the nine water environments was classified as class III and the degree of pollution was alert level;one sample point was classified as class IV and slightly polluted;five sample points were classified as class V and severely polluted.The over standard indexes include pH,DO,TN,TP,NH₃-H,COD_Mnand Mn,among which TN and NH₃-N are the main indexes causing poor water quality.5.Based on the principal component analysis and the comparison of environmental factors between two groups of control points,the habitat selection preference and disturbance factors of Tylototriton kweichowensis were discussed.The results showed that: Tyrototriton kweichowensis tends to choose permanent or alpine Stillwater activities with altitude of 1800-1900 m,water level of 30-100 cm,water temperature of 13-20?,pH of 6-8 and less human activities on the bank;in the monitoring indicators,WT and pH are the interference factors that affect the habitat selection of Tyrototriton kweichowensis6.Based on the research results of population dynamics,breeding ecology and habitat pollution of Tylototriton kweichowensis,the ecological breeding pool of Tylototriton kweichowensis is constructed.The results show that: if the breeding pool is built on the basis of the original breeding pool,Tylototriton kweichowensis will have breeding activities at the beginning of the breeding period?April?,which will last until July;for the newly built breeding pool,Tylototriton kweichowensis will have breeding activities in the late breeding period?June July?,which will last for a short time,and the number of breeding is relatively small.7.Based on the Tylototriton kweichowensis habitat protection,in the background of rock desertification control projects such as land leveling and vegetation restoration in the study area,from the overall environment of the region,the biodiversity restoration and protection concept was integrated into the land consolidation model.To build a Tylototriton kweichowensis habitat protection demonstration base with breeding grounds as the main body and taking foraging-reproduction-overwintering as a whole to strengthen the protection of the Tylototriton kweichowensis.