Study On Ecological Compensation Standard And Apportionment Based On Cost

The 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the construction of ecological civilization in China,and emphasized the construction of ecological civilization with system in the process of improving environmental governance and ecological restoration.Since the central government proposed to speed up the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism,ecological compensation related research has made significant breakthroughs and progress in water resources,forests,grasslands,wetlands and other aspects.As a special economic regional system,watershed has the characteristics of strong spatial integrity and high regional relevance,and has gradually become the focus of ecological compensation research in China.In recent years,more than ten provinces and cities in China have begun to try to establish basin ecological compensation mechanism.This paper takes Dongjiang River Basin as the main research object,through the analysis of the ecological protection cost of the headwater area of the basin,and the establishment of the cost sharing model,so as to explore the standards of the ecological compensation for the headwater area of the upper reaches of the basin in a downstream Province,and provide the scientific basis for the horizontal ecological compensation of the two provinces in Dongjiang River Basin,Jiangxi and Guangdong.In this paper,based on the previous research results and the related knowledge of asset evaluation,the cost analysis method and opportunity cost method are combined to complement each other,trying to establish a water source cost evaluation model in the basin ecological compensation,and on this basis to calculate the basin ecological compensation standard.In the established protection cost evaluation model,the cost is divided into direct cost and opportunity cost,and the specific measurement indexes and methods are established for direct cost and opportunity cost respectively.The cost allocation model is mainly based on the water consumption of each region of the basin,and the cost of ecological protection is preliminarily allocated according to the water demand of the water source and the middle and lower reaches of the basin.Inthe calculation of water allocation coefficient,the grey system theory is introduced,and the dynamic water index is incorporated into the model design,which reduces the calculation error of compensation standard,and enhances the long-term coordination and operability of ecological compensation in the upstream and downstream areas of water source.Based on the fact that the economic development gap between the water source area and the middle and lower reaches of the basin is too large,considering the willingness to pay and the production efficiency of each region,this paper also revised the economic factor coefficient of the sharing coefficient.Based on the evaluation model established above,combined with the collected data,this paper preliminarily evaluates the ecological protection cost and allocation standard of Dongjiang River Basin in 2018 in Anyuan County,and preliminarily determines the compensation amount of downstream Guangzhou city to Anyuan County in Dongjiang source area.According to the established theoretical model and practical case study,the results are as follows: in 2018,the direct cost input of Dongjiang River Basin Protection in Anyuan County is 49.798 million yuan,and the opportunity cost loss is47.9562 million yuan.According to the calculation of the allocation model,the allocation proportion of the middle and lower reaches of Guangdong government is82.58%,that is to say,the lower reaches of Guangdong government should bear 80.73 million yuan of the basin protection cost of Anyuan County in 2018.