| The acceleration of industrialization is forcing China to face increasingly severe pressure on ecological environment,as well as pressure on industrial transformation and upgrading.To grasp the number of industrial enterprises,industrial types and spatial distribution pattern in time and accurately is critical to the long-term future of China.On the one hand,it is conducive to target draft industrial planning and regulatory policy at the macro level,and clear directions for the development of regional industries.On the other hand,it has practical significance for pollution source supervision and ecological protection.Based on the thermal anomaly data product VNP14IMG(The NASA Land-SIPS VIIRS 375 m active fire product)provided by Suomi-NPP VIIRS from 2013 to 2018,this paper proposed the “cluster-regression” method with combining DBSCAN clustering and Logistic regression,to identify industrial heat sources from remote sensing data and extract industrial heat sources in China,and analyze their spatial distribution pattern at different scales.On the basis of this,combing POI data and Google high-definition images,the type of industrial heat source object extracted is identified.In addition,the object of industrial heat source and national nature reserve are analyzed.The results shows as follows:(1)Based on the VNP14 IMG data,using the "clustering-regression" method to identify industrial heat sources has feasibility,effectiveness,and relative robustness.In Logistic regression analysis,the overall prediction accuracy of the training data set is97.3%,and the true positive rate is 93.1%.From the thermal anomaly data products in2013-2018,2603,2482,2334,2225,2226,and 2279 industrial heat source objects were sequentially extracted.(2)The spatial distribution of Chinese industrial heat source objects is significantly different,which showing a spatial pattern of "strong in the west and weak in the east,dense in the north and sparse in the south".At the provincial,municipal,county(district)scales,the industrial heat source objects are mainly distributed in eastern China,northern China and northwestern China,and the industrial distribution in regions of central inland is less and scattered.Xinjiang has the largest number of industrial heat sources,followed by Shanxi,Hebei,Inner Mongolia and Shandong.The largest number of fire points contained in industrial heat sources is in Hebei province.(3)From 2013 to 2018,the number of Chinese industrial heat source objects was on the decline.At the provincial level,the number of industrial heat source objects in important industrial bases such as Xinjiang,Shanxi,Hebei and Shandong have continued to decline.Jiangxi,Anhui,and Hunan provinces showed a "U" shape changing trend,and in the follow-up study showed an upward trend.At the municipal level,the number of industrial heat source objects has shown a downward trend due to environmental protection policies and industrial capacity control measures in established industrial bases such as Tangshan,Handan,and Linfen cities.From the perspective of the municipal district,the trend of industrial heat source objects and the thermal anomalies contained in them dropped obviously from 2013 to 2018,which were17.8% and 21.7%,respectively.(4)There are conspicuous differences in the types and number of industrial heat source objects within the urban agglomeration.The industrial heat sources of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration are mainly concentrated in the steel industry and cement industry.From the 280 industrial heat source objects in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration,339 factories were divided,the number of iron and steel metallurgy and coal chemical plants was 195 and 72 respectively.The heat source industry of Hohhot-Baotou-Rrdos-Yulin urban agglomeration was mainly concentrated in coal chemical industry and energy exploitation industry.From the 178 industrial heat source objects in the Hohhot-Baotou-Rrdos-Yulin urban agglomeration,192 factories were divided,and the number of coal chemical factories and petroleum exploitation factories was 99 and 40,respectively.(5)Industrial centers of cities were aggregated in industrial parks and economic development zones.The planning and construction of industrial parks made the areas in the city where the industrial scale is on the rise and the emerging industrial parks have a strong spatial correspondence relationship,the industrial centers are gradually moving to industrial parks and development zones.Tangshan Industrial Center is moving to the eastern Caofeidian Economic Development Zone,Baoding Industrial Center is moving to Dingzhou which is a new emerging industrial base in the south China,and Cangzhou Industrial Center is moving to the Bohai New Area and Lingang Economic Development Zone in the east China.The Ordos Industrial Center is moving to the southern new energy base Wushen County.(6)There are still industries and enterprises exist in some national nature reserves.Due to spatial conflicts between economic interests and protected area planning,and unscientific initial establishment of the protected area,there are still industries and enterprises in the buffer zone,experimental area,and core area of the nature reserve.In the future,government should strengthen environmental impact assessment management and ecosystem risk assessment guidance,coordinate the relationship between long-term and short-term interests,and formulate and implement reasonable and scientific planning scheme for protected area. |
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