Study On The Relationship Between Vegetation Characteristics And Soil Properties Of Different Types Of Protected Areas In The Wetland Of The Middle Reaches Of Heihe River

Wetlands are one of the earth's three major ecosystems and play a key role in protecting biodiversity and improving water quality.At present,many wetlands around the world have been degraded.In order to mitigate the negative impact caused by wetland degradation,measures have been taken to protect wetlands around the world,including the establishment of wetland protection areas.Currently,a protection management system,with Nature Reserves as the main body and Wetland Parks and wetland protection communities co-existing,is being formed.Wetland vegetation and soil play an important role in maintaining the health of the entire ecosystem.The study of vegetation and soil in different protected areas is conducive to the effective protection of degraded wetlands.The wetland in the middle reaches of Heihe River in arid region is more sensitive and fragile,which is affected by special geographical environment.Therefore,the study on the characteristics and relationships of vegetation and soil in different protected areas of the Heihe wetland is helpful to reveal the protection mechanism and effect of different protected areas of the wetland in the arid region,in addition,it is helpful to the protection and sustainable utilization of wetland resources in the arid region.Based on the vegetation data and soil data obtained from field investigation and soil experiment,this paper analyzes the species composition,dominant species and common species of wetland plants in the Zhangye National Wetland Park and the Zhangye Heihe Wetland National Nature Reserve by using the plant geography methods.Significant differences in vegetation growth status,species diversity index,soil quality index,soil physical and chemical properties,soil nutrients,and other indicators were compared using ANOVA.Through multivariate analysis,the relationship between vegetation characteristics and soil properties in two protected sites was revealed.The research results of this paper showed that:(1)The dominant species and common species in Wetland Park are mainly perennial aquatic herbs such as reed.The dominant species in the Nature Reserve are mainly perennial herbs,shrubs and small trees,and the common species are mainly perennial herbs.The height of vegetation in the Wetland Park was significantly higher than that in the Nature Reserve,and the species,species and species diversity in theNature Reserve were significantly higher than that in the wetland park(P<0.05).On the whole,it showed that the Wetland Park was conducive to promoting plant growth and development,while the Nature Reserve was conducive to maintaining vegetation community composition and species diversity.(2)Wetland Park of soil nutrient content was significantly higher than that of Nature Reserve,soil bulk density,pH was significantly lower than Natural Reserve,nature reserve of soil carbon and nitrogen ratio was significantly higher than that of the wetland park(P<0.05),and the overall displayed the Wetland Park is advantageous to the accumulation of soil nutrients,improve the soil texture and pH value,Nature Reserve is conducive to a balance of soil carbon and nitrogen.(3)The soil factors influencing vegetation characteristics were different in the two protected sites.In Wetland Park,soil available phosphorus,salinity,and pH had significant negative effects on vegetation growth status,and soil available phosphorus and total phosphorus had significant positive effects on species diversity.In the Nature Reserve,soil moisture had a significant positive effect on vegetation growth status,and soil salinity had a significant negative effect on species diversity(P<0.05).This is related to the spatial variability of soil properties,the accessibility of human disturbance and the distance from the water source.From the perspective of the feasibility of selecting protected areas for degraded wetlands,the Wetland Park can be used as an effective tool to promote plant growth,accumulate soil nutrients,improve soil texture and pH in the process of wetland protection in arid areas.It is more suitable for small area wetlands with sufficient water sources and around urban settlements.The Wetland Nature Reserves can become an important tool for biodiversity,maintaining community structure and soil carbon and nitrogen balance,wetlands in large-scale areas with relatively sufficient water resources,low terrain and away from towns.