Investigation On The Pollution Level Of Perfluorinated Compounds In Drinking Water In Key River Basins And Regions In China

Objective:Perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)is a class of persistent organic pollutants.Its pollution and impact on people's health are gradually being studied.In this study,a method was developed for the simultaneousdetermination of 11 kinds of medium and short carbon chain PFCs in water.The monitoring and investigation of PFCs in water was carried out in 24 cities where the main river basins and some fluorinated industrial parks are located to investigate the concentration level and distribution of PFCs in water in China.Methods:A method based on solid phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)was established to determine the 11 PFCs in water.17 cities and 7 key regions of the Yellow River,Yangtze River,Huaihe River,Three Gorges Reservoir and its upstream,South-to-North Water Diversion Sources were monitored and investigated.The survey covers samples of source water,factory water and peripheral water during wet and dry periods.Results:The detection limit and the lower limit of quantitation were 0.03?0.7 ng/L and 0.5?3.0 ng/L,respectively.The three concentration levels,the recovery and precisions of drinking water sample were 80.0%?130%and 1.27%?10.5%respectively.In this study,380 water samplesincluded source water?factory water and peripheral water were allcollected from 67 water plants.From the 17 key river basins in our country,during the dry season,the detection rates of PFCs in three types of water samples ranged are 0%?57.1%,0%?55.1%and 0%?53.1%,respectively.The median concentration of all indicators are ND?14.9ng/L,ND?15.5ng/L and ND?14.5ng/L,respectively.During the wet season,the detection rate of PFCs inthree types of water samples ranged are 1.96%?94.1%,0%?70.0%and 0%?70.0%,respectively.The median concentration of all indicators are 1.21 ng/L?26.9 ng/L,ND?26.3 ng/L and ND?27.6 ng/L,respectively.In the 7 key regions in China,during the dry season,the detection rate of PFCs in three types of water samples ranged are 6.67%?86.7%,0%?84.6%,and 0%?84.6%,respectively.The median concentration of all indicators are 0.818ng/L?21.3 ng/L,ND?25.6 ng/L and ND?28.8 ng/L,respectively.During the wet season,the detection rate of PFCs in three types of water samples ranged f are 0%?93.3%?0%?92.3%and 0%?92.3%,respectively.The median concentration of all indicators are ND?62.0 ng/L,ND?34.9ng/L and ND?34.3 ng/L,respectively.Conclusion:Results show that the method developed in this study for the detection of 11 PFCs in water has good linearity,high sensitivity,stability and reliability,and strong applicability which allows simultaneous determination of 11 kinds of PFCs in water.The monitoring and investigation of pollution levels of the PFCs in key river basins and regions in China showed thatthe levels of perfluorinated compounds in high water periods were generally higher than in low water periods.There are differences in the distribution of PFCs in different river basins.Industrial production may increase pollution levels of perfluorinated compounds in drinking water.Restrictions on the production and use of some PFCs can reduce their levels of pollution.Use of perfluorochemical alternatives may pose new risks.The concentration levels of PFCs in the water samples in this study were in the same order of magnitude as the levels of PFCs in developed countries.