| "The Belt and Road" strategy was put forward by China,which paid highly attention on maritime trade,port construction and container transport once again.Container transport development contribute to global capacity concentrated in a small number of shipping companies,currently the world's top 20 shipping companies control the world about 80% of capacity.Their strategies of development and corporate behavior have a profound impact on container shipping network,and further effect the evolution of container port system.Based on shipping companies' behaviors,Chinese container shipping network formation,change and its impact on the container port system needs to be further explored.In view of this,the paper try to explore the changes of Chinese maritime container transport network over the past decade(2004-2013),outline the evolution of the country's container transport organization system,analysis the factors affecting the evolution of the system,so that provide reference for development and optimization of national container transport system.The paper selected 61 foreign ports,25 domestic ports to analyze the changes of Chinese container marine transportation network and the factors during the period 2004—2013,especially focusing on quantitative and spatial analysis of the network nodes,spatial configuration analysis of the network lines,spatial connection characteristics analysis of the whole networks and the transport organization system characteristics analysis.Some statistical data such as throughput and technical approachs like OD matrix building,multiple link analysis,spatial analysis were applied.The result showed that:(1)The change of container port number in China has experienced different stages,spatial distribution has experienced from coast to inland.The coastal container ports distribution has been basically stable in the mid-1990 s,and the national container ports distribution also stabilized after 2005.Dalian,Tianjin,Qingdao,Shanghai,Ningbo,Xiamen,Guangzhou and Shenzhen have been the gateway ports of Chian,become important nodes in the global container shipping networks.(2)Container liner services are the lines of marine transport network.The amount of liner services of trunk line ports is much larger than that of branch line ports.In addition to Guangzhou,liner services of trunk line ports focus on international container organization,the spatial allocation foucses on Japan and South Korea,Europe and north America,which is relatively stable over the past decade.Liner services of branch line ports focus on domestic container organization,mainly for the domestic market.(3)Compared with the relative strength of international container transport links,Shanghai has the greatest influence and has been ahead of the other trunk line ports,which became the main hub port of Chian;the international influence of Ningbo and Shenzhen reinforced constantly.Dalian,Tianjin,Qingdao and Xiamen experienced declined,but still have a regional hub port status.The international influence of Guangzhou is relatively low,showing rising trend.In domestic transport network,changes of transport links between main trunk line ports are stable,centered on each other.Changes of transport links of branch line ports show unstable characteristics.(4)Chinese container maritime transport network is a hub and spoke system,which has formed Bohai Sea Rim,Yangtze River Delta and southern coastal area three hub and spoke transportation system.(5)Global industrial transfer and trade,government macro-control and policy guidance,harbor conditions,shipping enterprises behaviors,hinterland transport network expansion and improvement are factors driving the changes of Chinese maritime container transport network. |
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