The Research On Evaluation Of Children’s Outdoor Collective Playgrounds Based On Natural Education

Children born after the 2005,growing up under the influence of the Internet,have been occupied by electronic products or course assignments for too much time and lack of natural coexistence,which leads to a series of behavioral and psychological problems.The proposal of natural education provides a way to solve this problem.With the implementation of the two child policy,the number of children has begun to rise.It is necessary to add children’s outdoor collective game sites or to enrich the form of outdoor collective games for children.Moreover,outdoor group games can effectively improve children’s social withdrawal behavior.[Objective]to construct an evaluation system for children’s outdoor collective game places under the background of natural education,which aims to guide the design of outdoor collective game places for children in Fuzhou,and provide scientific basis for the rational layout,construction and design of children’s outdoor collective games,and let children play collective games in the outdoor.At the same time,natural education was obtained.[Methods]the main methods of this study are divided into the following 4 aspects:(1)the key points and components of the outdoor collective games where children are granted natural education are summarized by the method of literature reading and case analysis.(2)Through the questionnaire survey to know the present situation of the children’s outdoor collective playgrounds in Fuzhou city parks(6 places),residential areas(5 places)and kindergartens(5 places).(3)The natural education evaluation system for children’s outdoor collective game sites of 3-12 year old is constructed by using expert investigation and analytic hierarchy process.(4)Using empirical research method,the representative 3 groups of 3 types of sites are selected as empirical evidence.Participants:two parks,two residential areas and two kindergartens.[Results](1)The elements of children’s outdoor collective game sites under the background of natural education include five aspects of planning and layout elements,landscape design elements,children’s psychological needs,children’s behavior needs and natural education functions.(2)Through questionnaire survey,we know that children in Fuzhou have higher demand for outdoor group games,but many places can not satisfy children’s collective games.The degree of artificialization and naturalization of outdoor playground for children is not conducive to children’s natural education.(3)The evaluation system is divided into four levels.The first level is the target level,aiming at the natural education evaluation system of outdoor playground for children.The second level is the criterion level,which is divided into 3 indexes:natural knowledge(weight value 0.1928),natural experience(weight value 0.5468)and security game(weight value 0.2604).The third layer is a field layer,which is divided into 10 indexes,such as natural knowledge,attention,hands-on ability,curiosity,inspiration,natural love,collective game,equipment,space layout and human factors.The fourth layer is the index layer,which is divided into the animal and plant science popularization,the natural environment series,the animals and plants attracting the attention of the children,the production of the plant specimens,the gardening,the small space that can be explored,the mysterious animals and plants,the imaginative and symbolic landscape,the feeling of green,the protection of the natural environment,the precious life,the traditional collective game.There are 19 indexes,such as multi-function game facilities,facilities without angle,hidden trouble,non-toxic,rational layout,safety of terrain,protective facilities,safety cognition of managers,and safety cognition of children and parents.(4)Through the empirical study,it is found that the overall evaluation of natural education in the outdoor collective game places for children in Fuzhou is generally not high,and each site can not meet the needs of children to obtain natural education in all directions.In the two aspects of natural knowledge and natural experience,there is a lack of performance.The order of the natural education level of children’s outdoor collective games is:Zuo Hai park>West Lake Park>Kid Castle kindergarten>Wen Quan kindergarten>Vanke golden County banyan County>Su Wei garden.[Conclusion]through the study,the following design strategy can be used to guide the design of children’s outdoor collective game places in Fuzhou,so that children can get natural education:(1)site selection.On the one hand,places should be chosen in a more natural environment to meet the needs of children’s natural learning and natural experience.On the other hand,places should be chosen in a safe area for children to play safely.(2)Functional zoning.Children’s outdoor collective game places can be divided into two kinds of game space based on the evaluation system,which are natural learning and natural experience.These two kinds of space must absolutely guarantee children’s safe games.(3)Spatial organization and scale.Design for children’s scale,provide a variety of game space for children to choose,the realization of natural learning and natural experience game difficult level of classification,so that children with age and ability to increase in turn use.(4)Design elements.Comprehensive suggestions including terrain and pavement,water and sand,plants,animals,children’s game facilities are put forward.