| With the rapid development of higher education,the number of students in universities is continuously increasing,and the number of colleges and universities is also increasing.These new colleges and universities are different from the old ones in that they all use water conservation appliances,non-traditional water sources,and intelligent digital management.The water conservation of the old campus is only partially based on the original energy conservation reform.What is the water use characteristic of this newly-built college,whether it is water conservation or not,and there is currently no relevant research.This study will rely on new colleges and universities to explore the characteristics of water use,and verify the effectiveness of water conservation.The research relies on newly-built campus of Beijing J University.Firstly,the water balance test was carried out on the campus,and the water structure and water metering system were combed and analyzed.Then,according to the type of water source,the traditional water source and non-traditional water source were used to analyze and verify the water law and water conservation effect respectively.The law of water is mainly to show the dynamic changes of different buildings and different water sources at different time periods.The water conservation effect is mainly verified through the comparative analysis of the traditional water source water quota and the non-traditional water utilization rate.At the same time,it analyzes the problems in the process of research and analysis and puts forward reasonable suggestions for improvement.Finally,it proposes an overall water conservation management strategy for newly-built colleges and universities.Through the study,the following conclusions and viewpoints have been drawn.The overall water test on the new campus was unbalanced.The metering rate of the secondary meter was only 84.8%.There were unmeasured water points in the secondary metering system and it was impossible to find out where the pipe leaked.The water consumption of the new canteen with the most complete metering system cannot be balanced.The metering rate of the secondary water meter is 134.85%.There is cross-counting of the secondary water meter.After the campus was put into use,the metering rate of the secondary water meter was continuously increasing,but it has not reached 100%at present,and it was impossible to carry out precise subsection water balance testing on the pipeline network.It is necessary to complete the tertiary metering system after supplementing the secondary water metering point as soon as possible.The proportion of water used in the entire campus is irrational.Water consumption for greening landscape accounts for 27%of the total,which is extremely high.It is necessary to focus on conservation water for students'dormitory water,green landscape water,bathroom water and canteen water.The law of water use in new campuses can reflect the school teaching work and the laws of students'learning,life and rest,and some water issues.From the law of comprehensive water use,it can be seen that most of the courses and work carried out by schools are mainly concentrated on Monday and Tuesday.It can be seen from the student dormitory water consumption that students basically stay in school from Monday to Wednesday.On Thursday,many people started to go home or go out.Students go to bed late and get up.Normally,they usually get up at about 7:00 and sleep after 22:00.The weekend did not get up until about 11o'clock,and went to bed after 23 o'clock.There was a small amount of water in the cafeteria from 21:00 p.m.to 3:00 a.m.the following day,indicating that there was some leakage of water in the cafeteria.There is no steady change in the water used for greening landscapes.Each time the amount of water used,the time of water use,and the interval are not fixed,there is an irrational phenomenon of high-intensity watering when the water is continuously used for 24hours and during high temperatures in summer.The water use time variation coefficient of female dormitory,canteen and library is greater than the upper limit value given by the specification.The secondary water supply system should be reasonably configured according to the actual situation.Bathroom water consumption gradually decreased as the temperature increased,and the water consumption in the dormitories and canteens gradually decreased as the temperature decreased.The per capita water consumption of the traditional water sources in the newly built campus is 86.51m~3/person/a,which is lower than the old campus.The overall water conservation effect is due to the fact that the canteens and bathrooms have good water conservation effects.The student dormitories and green landscape water are not water conservation.It is necessary to focus on water conservation for these two types of water use.There is a large water conservation space for greening water,and unreasonable greening and watering methods exist,and greening management must be strengthened.The per capita water consumption of the library is relatively high.Because the library is open longer in the school,self-study and exchange of students instead of borrowing lead to an increase in water consumption.It is recommended that the norms give the water use quota for university libraries.At present,the per capita water consumption of dormitory in most colleges and universities is lower than the lower limit of the water conservation quota.It is suggested that the water conservation norms should be adjusted accordingly according to the current per capita water consumption of college dormitories.The use of MBR membrane treatment reactors in the new campus water treatment station was not effective,and the water production decreased year by year.The utilization rate of non-traditional water sources fell from 15%to 2.1%in five years.The membrane flux of the MBR process will continue to decrease,and the membrane cannot be cleaned and replaced in real time.The production of medium water is continuously declining,and the membrane assembly needs to be improved in the ability to resist fouling.The raw water supply of the water treatment station is insufficient,and the average amount of raw water collected can reach only 46%of the designed scale of the water treatment station on a daily basis.At the same time,it is found that the inhomogeneity of the student's water time distribution causes the raw water collection efficiency to drop by 30%.It is suggested that raw water sources increase miscellaneous canteens drainage.The dormitory will adopt the user's micro-circulation water system,and the rainwater will be used for replenishing landscape water and water for greening.In order to further improve the water conservation effect of newly-built colleges and universities,aiming at the water balance test and the law of water use change,it is recommended to improve the water metering system and the smart energy efficiency management platform.The use of water quotas to verify non-water conservation water items and reduce their water consumption.That is to reduce the water consumption of dormitory and green landscapes.To solve the problems existing in the reuse of water,improve the reuse efficiency and technical level of water reuse.This study can reflect the real water characteristics and water conservation effects of the overall,different buildings,and different water sources of new colleges and universities at different time periods.It can reveal the problems existing in the operation of new colleges and tap the potential for water conservation.It can provide certain reference for the development of water conservation work in the life cycle of newly-built colleges and universities. |
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