Research On The Accessibility Between Seaports And Their Landward Hinterland Cities In Northeast China

As the process of globalization continues to advance,the port,as an important hub for connecting sea and inland transport corridors,is gradually moving toward regionalization and land-based development,which drives the convergence,exchange,and transformation of resources,talent,capital,and technology between home and abroad.At the same time,China proposed the “One Belt and One Road” initiative,striving to create a smooth and efficient international logistics channel for sea and land.The port land-sea transport hub node is extremely important for the construction of the economic belt.In addition,the coastal ports in the northeast region bear more than 75% of passenger and cargo transportation in the northeast,which is the gateway to the northeast region to connect with the world.It can be said that the accessibility of ports and inland hinterland in Northeast China is of great significance to the development of ports,regions,and countries.Based on the port-hinterland related theory,this paper defines the connotation of accessibility between seaports and the hinterland cities,analysis the characteristics of traditional accessibility model,improves the gravity model with the GIS network analysis technology to measure the accessibility between seaports and their landward hinterland cities of the Northeast in 2002 and 2013,explores the internal driving mechanism,analyzes the influence of port influence,economic strength of cities in the hinterland,the transportation cost pattern and their impact on the change of port-inland hinterland accessibility,and then proposes some corresponding optimization strategies that could improve the accessibility.The main results are as follows:(1)There are significant differences in the accessibility pattern of ports in the Northeastern China under the improved gravity model and traditional accessibility model.The accessibility of the six major ports under the traditional accessibility model has a significant“core-edge” effect in space.Yingkou Port,Jinzhou Port,and Dandong Port are in the core areas with good accessibility.Dalian Port and Huludao Port are on the fringe of relatively poor accessibility.The accessibility of Dalian Port and Yingkou Port has been at the forefront based on the improved gravity model.The Yingkou Port has grown rapidly and surpassed Dalian Port.Jinzhou Port and Dandong Port followed,and Panjin Port and Huludao Port were slightly behind.(2)The difference in accessibility change of ports in the northeastern China is significantly different between the improved gravity model and the traditional accessibility model.The shortest time model measures a small difference in accessibility between ports,the difference in accessibility between ports has expanded,There are major differences in theaccessibility of the port under the improved gravity model measurement(the coefficient of variation of accessibility changes is 0.13,0.15,and 0.62).The significant differences in the accessibility and accessibility changes between ports under the improved gravity model are in line with the development status of the coastal ports in the Northeast China.(3)With the improved gravity model,the accessibility of the whole port to the 34 Landward hinterland cities has been improved,and the accessibility in the western Liaoning and eastern inner Mongolia areas has been significantly improved.The average accessibility improvement rate of the ports to the cities of Chi Feng,Tong Liao,Hulunbuir,Xinganmeng,Fu Xin and Chao Yang has reached 75.22%.(4)With the improved gravity model,the accessibility of the six ports to the 34 hinterland cities shows a spatial inward extension and attenuation along the Harbin-Dalian line;the relative high-level and high-level accessibility areas extend northward and westward;There is an “enclave” phenomenon in the spatial accessibility pattern of the hinterland,and the “Enclave” features of provincial cities and resource-based cities with strong comprehensive economic strength are remarkable.(5)The “quality” of the comprehensive economy of the port and hinterland cities lays the basic pattern of accessibility.The differences in development and convenience of transportation networks lead to changes of the pattern which The “quality” of the comprehensive economy of the port and hinterland cities has formed.These two aspects affect the change of the pattern of port-to-hinterland accessibility.